Background and Objective: Health care workers (HCWs) are at the highest risk of contracting COVID-19, so their knowledge about the disease and their preventive attitude and practice toward COVID-19 are of concern. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HCWs toward COVID-19 in Al-Thawra Hospital, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among HCWs in Al-Thawra Hospital, Ibb, Yemen, from January 1 to March 31, 2022. Results: Of the 80 participants, 50 (62.5%) were males and 30 (37.5%) were females with a mean age of 29.33±7.86 years. About 51.2% of respondents were aware that sneezing is a recognized symptom of COVID-19, while most were unaware of the extrarespiratory symptoms of the disease, such as diarrhea and confusion. About 28.7% of respondents believed that eating or contacting wild animals would result in infection by the COVID-19 virus, with the majority (71.3%) agreeing that wearing a well-fitting face mask effectively prevents COVID-19 infection. Approximately 48 respondents (60.0%) believed that washing hands could prevent contracting COVID-19, and only 31 (38.7%) agreed that if a patient shows signs and symptoms of COVID-19, they can confidently participate in that patient’s treatment. In response to avoid COVID-19, about 23 respondents (28.7%) had always gone to crowded places, and 35 (43.6%) had always worn face masks at every contact with patients, while only 14 (17.5%) of participants refrained from shaking hands and 37 (46.3%) always washed their hands before and after handling each patient. Conclusion: This study showed that most respondents have poor knowledge regarding the clinical picture of COVID-19 and its mode of transmission as most of them failed to detect an extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 and were unaware of the possibility of transmission of the disease from wildlife. In addition, the attitude and preventive practice of the respondents were unsatisfactory in containing the transmission of the disease.

Karishma

Apprenticeship is one way of learning by doing. The Student Apprenticeship Program (SAP) or Apprenticeship as referred to in this study is a curricular program of the Institute of Accounts, Business and Finance (IABF) of the Far Eastern University - Manila. It aims to enhance the preparation of the students for actual employment after college graduation. A study was conducted on the sixty-nine (69) Business Administration interns of a private university in Manila during the first semester of academic year 2017 - 2018. Performance Evaluation Forms were distributed to all the supervisors of host companies. Evaluation forms were personally monitored by the Apprentices Adviser which made it possible to collect a 100% response. A sort of quantitative analysis was used to analyze the information provided for in the evaluation forms. The purpose of this study is to assess the interns’ performances and skills as well as their strengths and weaknesses based upon the personal and direct observation by the supervisors of the various host companies. This study will also find the gap in the interns’ skills based upon the Institute expectation and observation by the supervisors. The study is limited to one time observation by supervisors of various host companies. This study is underpinned by sociocultural theory, cognitive apprentice theory, situated learning theory and the 21st Century Skills Framework.

Dr. leonardo f. cada, jr.

Fungal infection of the nails (onychomycosis) is a common condition that is hard to cure. The fungus hidden in the nail is difficult to treat with antifungal medications, and infected nails take months to heal. Antifungal nail polish can occasionally be used to treat mild cases, but blood-stream-permeable medications are required to treat more serious infections. We need something better because even these are not always successful and can have negative side effects like skin rash or liver issues. Additionally, onycholysis (the separation of the nail plate) creates a moist environment that can encourage the growth of fungi. Moreover, immunosuppressive medication use may worsen onychomycosis. In this example, the diseased entity's clinical presentation in an adult patient was described.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This study aims to determine the effect of communication, competence and work discipline on job satisfaction at PT. Tribahtera Srikandi. This research was conducted at PT. Tribahtera Srikandi lasted for 6 months, starting from January 2020 to June 2020. Sampling was taken in research using proportional random sampling method. The population in this study are all employees of factory workers in PT. Tribahtera Srikandi 155 people. The number of respondents in this study was established by using the statistics of the population, amounting to 112 people. The instruments used to collect data are questionnaires from communication, competence, work discipline and job satisfaction. The data analysis tool in this study is a multiple linear regression by carrying out a classic assumption test that is continued by testing the partial hypothesis or t test, the simultaneous hypothesis test or the F test, and the calculation of the coefficient of determination. The contribution of communication, competence and work discipline variables explained the variable of job satisfaction as big as 0.765 or 76.5%. The remaining 0.235 or 23.5% was influenced by other independent variables not examined in this study.

L

Background: Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) antibodies may be considered as biomarkers of typhoid fever, a severe febrile systemic illness caused by an invasive Gram-negative Bacterium S. typhi. Worldwide, about 21-26.9 million cases of typhoid fever and 200 000-215 000 deaths, occur annually. Between 2003 and 2005, statistics have shown a rising trend in the incidence of typhoid fever in Abia and Enugu States. The aim of the study was to determine the sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies in some rural communities of Abia and Enugu States as proxy indicators of prevalence typhoid fever (TF) in the two states. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies in ten rural communities of Umunneochi Local Government Area (LGA) of Abia State and Ezeagu LGA of Enugu State using 421 (200 in Abia and 221 in Enugu) blood samples for the Widal test to determine the titres of these antibodies. Results: In the Abia communities the mean sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies was 68.2%, while in Enugu it was 87.1%. Between the two states, difference in the sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies was significant (p=0.03). Conclusions: The sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies was higher (87.1%) in the Enugu communities, compared to the Abia communities (68.2%). To reduce the incidence and prevalence of TF in the communities, access to safe domestic water, improved sanitation and good food hygiene needs to be improved. Health-seeking behaviour also needs improvement.

Emmanuel umegbolu

In this article, a systematic flow of contents was provided with regard to the synthesis of Atovaquone 1a on critical examination of the prior-arts. Several patents and study articles were published, disclosing different synthetic methods for the preparation of Atovaquone 1a at various scales. Based on the starting materials used, there are a few one-step, two-step and multi-step synthetic routes were reported with varied yields. In this work, we have put in our sincere effort to collect all the synthetic routes of Atovaquone 1a in detail with distinct and elaborate reaction schemes for a better and collective process clarity. From this review, global researchers will get a platform to re-design or re-work on the synthetic approach of Atovaquone 1a with better atom economy and purity. In addition, the drug commercialization angle could also be looked in during the design stage itself alongside green chemistry concepts. We have done the chronic analysis of study articles to highlight the commercial feasibility of the disclosed synthetic methods. A special emphasis was given to the synthetic routes with process development initiatives towards, recovery/reuse of costly starting materials/reagents/solvents and their feasibility for large scale manufacturing of drug Atovaquone 1a.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: There is great promise for improving nutrition and health thanks to phytonutrients' antioxidant qualities and health advantages. Their capacity to combat oxidative stress and associated illnesses emphasizes the importance of precisely evaluating their antioxidant characteristics. Objective: This study concludes by providing a comprehensive and critical critique of the current approaches to measure the antioxidant activity of phytonutrients. It dives into the fundamentals, benefits, drawbacks, and most recent developments of commonly used antioxidant assays, giving the reader a comprehensive grasp of the topic. This recapitulation of the review's goal in the end reinforces the reader's primary takeaway. Methods: Research on several antioxidant tests, such as FRAP, ORAC, DPPH, and ABTS, is consolidated in this review. It looks at each assay's performance traits, technological advances, and techniques. The review also assesses the incorporation of many assays to thoroughly examine phytonutrient potency and its uses in the food industry and nutritional science. Results: The review shows how antioxidant tests have advanced significantly, improving sensitivity, accuracy, and physiological relevance. It demonstrates how these tests can be used practically to guarantee food quality, create supplements, and offer nutritional advice. The paper also lists the difficulties today, including the intricacy of antioxidant mechanisms, test variability, and the requirement for assay standardization. The practical value of the research is emphasized by highlighting the significance of antioxidant tests for quality assurance, adulteration detection, and shelf life extension in the food business. Discussion: Scientists, doctors, and business experts interested in evaluating and applying phytonutrients will find this review helpful. It emphasizes how crucial it is to improve antioxidant testing to ascertain the possible health advantages and therapeutic uses of phytonutrients. The review highlights the need for increased test sensitivity, accuracy, and relevance while discussing the benefits and drawbacks of the available techniques. It draws attention to the importance of strong and trustworthy antioxidant tests to maximize the use of phytonutrients in food quality control and pharmaceutical research. Prospects: Future directions seek to address the challenges discovered through the development of multidisciplinary research and testing technologies. Novel approaches will advance our knowledge of phytonutrient potency and aid in developing medicines and nutraceuticals. This study highlights the significance of trustworthy assays for understanding and utilizing phytonutrients, providing academics and professionals in the business with vital insights.

Dr. salman ahmed

Pelvic inϑlammatory disease (Waram al-Rahim)is one of the most serious gynaecological infections of the upper female genital tract with the worldwide annual rate of 10-20/1000 women of reproductive age. The objective planned for the study was to evaluate the effect of Sharbat-e-Deenar in uncomplicated Pelvic Inϑlammatory Disease (uPID). A pre and post observational single group clinical study was carried out in the Department of IlmulQabalatwaAmrazeNiswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Hospital, Bengaluru. Diagnosed cases (n=30) of uPID were included in the study. Patients with complicated PID, history of antibiotic therapy within seven days of recruitment; delivery, abortion or gynecologic surgery within the last 30 days, systemic diseases, malignancies, pregnancy & lactation were excluded. Sharbate-Deenarconsists of Poste baikhekasniandTukhmekasni(Cichorium intybus Linn.), Gulesurkh (Rosa damascene mill.), Tukhmekasoos(Cuscutare৒lexaRoxb.) and Rewandchini (Rheum emodiWall. ex Meissn) were administered orally in a dose of 20 ml twice daily for 14 days. Outcome measures were 30-70% clinical improvement in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for lower abdominal pain and McCormack Pain Scale (McPS) score for abdominopelvic tenderness and White Blood Cells (WBCs) count <10 on saline microscopy of discharge. Data were analyzed using paired Student ‘t’ test, Wilcoxon Signed rank test and Paired Proportion test.Clinical improvement of 30-70% in McPS and VAS score was achieved in 96.7% (p<0.001**) and 93.3% (p<0.001**) patients respectively. WBCs count <10 on saline microscopy of discharge was achieved in 70% patients (p<0.001**).Sharbat-e-Deenarwas effective in improving the sign & symptoms of PID due to its anti-microbial, anti-inϑlammatory, antispasmodic and anti-oxidant properties. No adverse effect of the research drug was encountered during the study. Hence, Sharbat-e-Deenar serves as an effective alternative in patients with PID, proving the research hypothesis.

Dr ismath shameem

Reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is used worldwide to test and trace the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2). “Extraction-less” or “direct” real time–reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a transparent and accessible qualitative method for SARS-CoV-2 detection from nasopharyngeal or oral pharyngeal samples with the potential to generate actionable data more quickly, at a lower cost, and with fewer experimental resources than full RT-qPCR. This study engaged 10 global testing sites, including laboratories currently experiencing testing limitations due to reagent or equipment shortages, in an international interlaboratory ring trial. Participating laboratories were provided a common protocol, common reagents, aliquots of identical pooled clinical samples, and purified nucleic acids and used their existing in-house equipment. We observed 100% concordance across laboratories in the correct identification of all positive and negative samples, with highly similar cycle threshold values. The test also performed well when applied to locally collected patient nasopharyngeal samples, provided the viral transport media did not contain charcoal or guanidine, both of which appeared to potently inhibit the RT-PCR reaction. Our results suggest that direct RT-PCR assay methods can be clearly translated across sites utilizing readily available equipment and expertise and are thus a feasible option for more efficient COVID-19 coronavirus disease testing as demanded by the continuing pandemic.

Bitrus inuwa

This research will discuss the new destination of Toraja coffee as a tourism development strategy. Questions that will be answered is what is the attraction of Toraja coffee tourism as a new tourist destination. Methods of research conducted are field observation and interviews with coffee stakeholders as an informant and foreign tourists as respondents. The results of this study concluded that the appeal of Toraja coffee as a tourism destination is Toraja coffee has characteristic (taste) differently based on the planting area Toraja coffee. There are 15 names of coffee products based on the region and the name of Toraja coffee products taken from the region. E.g. coffee Toraja Sapan, derived from the Sapan area, and coffee Sesean derived from the village of Sesean. Perception of foreign tourists to Toraja coffee is that the taste of Toraja coffee is different based on the height of the coffee planting area to be a tourism identity Toraja Agritourism.

Muhammad hasyim

Background: From the public health point of view, the microbiological properties of domestic water supply are the most important parameters of domestic water supply because of the propensity for microbial water-related diseases. In Enugu State, statistics have shown that reported cases of waterborne diseases (including typhoid fever) have been on the increase since 2003. The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological qualities of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in five communities of Enugu State in connection with the rising incidence of typhoid fever in the state. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of sources of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in five rural communities of Ezeagu Local Government Area. 297 copies of structured questionnaire, 10 grab water samples analysed using the membrane filtration method and 227 blood samples collected for Widal test were used to generate the data for the study, analysed as frequency distributions, t-test of means difference and Pearson product moment correlations using MaxStat (version 3.60) statistical software. Results: 2 (40%) of the 5 communities complied with the WHO standard for faecal coliform counts. Prevalence of typhoid fever was high in all the communities (71.4%-100%). Only faecal coliform counts correlated positively and strongly (r=0.69) with prevalence of typhoid fever. Conclusions: Since faecal coliform counts correlated positively and strongly (r=0.69) with prevalence of typhoid fever, improving the bacteriological qualities of domestic water supply may help to reduce the prevalence of typhoid fever.

Emmanuel umegbolu

An experiment was carried out during kharif 2017 at Zonal Research Station, Chianki using sixteen promising genotypes of okra with three replications in randomized block design. Observations on ten important quantitative characters were recorded. Analyzed data revealed that all characters showed significant effect. The genotype Ajeet-121 gave significantly highest yield with the yield of 135.12 q/ha followed by NS-862 and Super green with the yield of 134.75 q/ha and 134.02 q/ha, respectively. Average fruit weight (15.33 g) and yield of fruits per plant (245.67 g/plant) were recorded significantly highest in the genotype Ajeet-121. On the basis of these observations, it may be concluded that the genotype Ajeet-121 was found most suitable okra genotype for kharif cultivation in the western plateau region (sub zone-V) of Jharkhand.

International journal of agricultural and applied sciences (ijaas)

This study was conducted to optimize the integration of solar-photovoltaic-distributed energy resources (SPVDERs) within the Nigerian power system networks using an AI-based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm. By employing a mixed research method, primary and secondary data were gathered to calculate flow analysis, NR method's equations, PSO's position update model, particle swarm optimizer algorithm, and application modeling including Solar-PV DER modeling. The AI-based PSO algorithm design was developed for optimizing SPV-DER integration in Nigerian power system networks, and key parameters and variables that needed consideration were identified. The study also established how the performance of the AI-based PSO algorithm could be evaluated and compared with other optimization techniques for SPV-DER integration within Nigerian power system networks. The study's results showed that voltage limits were within acceptable ranges, and solar power contributions were estimated at 880.10MW with 46,718 panels needed. The study concluded and recommended that investing in AI-powered tools for efficient power distribution; monitoring and resource optimization for sustainable energy sources would optimize performance and unleash Nigeria's sustainable energy potential.

Fxintegrity publishing

Abstract: Recent studies on hydrogels have shown them as promising biomaterials for numerous applications involving tissue engineering, drug-screening, drug-delivery, and 3-D bioprinting because they show unique physicochemical properties. The ability of these structures to hold large amounts of water is because of their hydrophilic nature that provides a soft and hydrated environment like natural tissues. This makes them ideal for mimicking the extracellular matrix and supporting cell growth and proliferation. In tissue engineering, hydrogels might be used to create scaffolds that promote cell growth and facilitate tissue regeneration. Hydrogels can also be engineered in such a way that they intimate the mechanical and biochemical in vivo characteristics making them a versatile tool for applications in tissue engineering. Hydrogels are being used in drug screening, as they can be functionalized with different biochemicals in order to match the microenvironment of specific tissues. This allows researchers to study how drugs interact with cells and tissues in-vitro conditions, which can lead to more efficient strategies for drug development. For applications in drug delivery hydrogels are designed to release drugs in a sustainable and controlled way, improving the drug efficacy and reducing the toxicity of drugs. Designing can also be done in a way that they can target specific tissues and cells making them a promising tool for personalized medicine. Hydrogels are being used in 3-D bioprinting, where they serve as bio-inks that can be fabricated into complex structures with high precision. In comparison to conventional technologies, this is a promising technique that allows the construction of complex three-dimensional structures in a sequential manner by a computeraided system. One major challenge in bioprinting is finding such material that is suitable for printing and also satisfies the mechanical strength requisite for tissue engineering applications. That is where hydrogels serve as the most appropriate model and have encouraging or favorable operation potential as cell-affable materials. This technique has revolutionized tissue engineering by allowing researchers to create functional tissues and organoids and spheroids. Overall, hydrogel-based tissue engineering, drug screening, drug delivery, and 3D bioprinting are exciting areas of research with great potential to significantly impact different areas of medicine and biology.

Deepika pal

Abstract Indian telecom industry has started growing rapidly since 1990 because of market liberalization. It has become one of the fastest growing telecom markets since then. Operating performance of a firm is depending upon certain key financial factors viz., turnover, profit, asset utilization etc. and the variables which are found in profit and loss account and balance sheet of a firm have a direct or indirect relation with each other. Financial performance of the firms can be analyzed by establishing a close relationship between the variables, in terms of liquidity, profitability, viability and sustainability. By establishing a close relationship between the variables, a firm can analyze its financial performance in terms of liquidity, profitability, viability and sustainability. Ratios and the statistical tool of ANOVA are normally used to identify the financial health of the firms and financial performances of the firms are measured accordingly. So the present study concentrates on empirical approach towards measuring deals with financial performance of the telecommunication companies.

Dr. jeyalakshmi p

Abstract should be times new roman with 9 fount single spacing.The main focused of Watermarking is developing and i Image Recognition is the idea of simulating the visual functions of human brain which uses human eyes as the source of input to recognize and make decisions on the objects it sees. This became possible with the advent of cameras and advanced processing technologies. The idea is to copy the features exactly present in the pattern, that the brain uses to recognize images [6]. The image in the real world are captured and pre-processed in the desired format and stored in large chunks of memories. This is to provide the recognition program to compare the new image taken with the ones that has been pre-processed and stored. The comparison is done at the pixel level of the image which is expressed in a matrix form. The image is compared with the data set stored at pixel level and the decisions are made recognizing the image. This picture recognition method becomes a smarter solution with the availability of more number of data sets. With large number of trail and errors the system will get familiar and intelligent providing best solution for computer and robot vision technologies.

Dr h shaheen

Trace elements are minerals present in living tissues in small amounts. Some of them are known to be nutritionally essential, others may be essential, and the remainder are considered to be nonessential. Trace elements such as zinc, copper, selenium, iron, chromium and, others are essential elements for growth and body health. They form an integral part of many enzymes and bioactive centers that are responsible for biochemical reactions such as metabolism, protein and, DNA synthesis. They are said to contribute to the development of cancer based on epidemiologic evidence. The blood level of trace elements in the human body is affected by cancer and drug treatment. The low trace elements level is a sign of leukemia patients, where cancer cells consume body nutrients and essential elements for growth. The Libyan patients were divided into four age groups and were either newly or old diagnosed with leukemia, including patients with acute leukocyte leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and aplastic anemia. The samples were tested for direct aspiration onto inductively coupled plasma spectrometry at specific wave lengths. The findings showed the blood level of trace elements in leukemia patients is lower than in the healthy individuals. A negative correlation between copper and zinc levels in leukemia patients was found. The copper level increases in leukemia patients as they get older.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Strain improvement studies were conducted for the production of L-asparaginase from a marine fungus Beauveriabassiana SS18/14 by employing physical and chemical mutagens, in a systemic manner to obtain mutants that have higher L-asparaginase production. The wild strain produced 6.32 IU/mL of L-asparaginase activity while the UV mutant UVF-4 yielded 8.34 IU/mL and nitrous acid mutant UVF4-N-2 exhibited 10.44 IU/mL enzyme activity. The overall strain improvement programme increased L-asparaginase activity 1.65 times with respect to the parent wild strain

Dr.p.v.kamala kumari

Antimicrobial resistance poses a critical threat to global health, exacerbated by inappropriate antibiotic usage. This study evaluates antibiotic consumption at Hospital 199, a public security hospital in Vietnam, using the defined daily dose per 100 bed-days and the World Health Organization AWaRe classification framework. Data were collected retrospectively from inpatient departments over 2022, analyzing prescribing trends to assess stewardship effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. The findings reveal a total antibiotic usage rate of 60.8 defined daily dose per 100 bed-days, predominantly driven by watch antibiotics (63.8%), followed by access antibiotics (36.2%), and minimal use of reserve antibiotics (0.0003%). Critical care departments, such as anesthesiology and intensive care, reported the highest consumption (190.54 DDD/100 bed-days), which may reflect the complexity of care provided and potential empirical prescribing practices, or an elevated infectious burden. β-lactam antibiotics accounted for 59.4% of total use, with third-generation cephalosporins representing the largest subgroup at 40.2% of defined daily doses. While adherence to stewardship principles was evident in the limited use of reserve antibiotics, the reliance on broad-spectrum agents highlighted systemic challenges, including empirical prescribing practices and limited diagnostic capacity. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote access to antibiotics, reduce over-reliance on watch agents, and enhance diagnostic support. By aligning local practices with World Health Organization guidelines, Hospital 199 demonstrates its potential to combat antimicrobial resistance effectively. These findings offer insights for similar low- and middle-income settings, contributing to global efforts to mitigate resistance and optimize antibiotic stewardship.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Currently, the use of internet-connected applications for storage by different organizations have rapidly increased with the vast need to store data, cybercrimes are also increasing and have affected large organizations and countries as a whole with highly sensitive information, countries like the United States of America, United Kingdom and Nigeria. Organizations generate a lot of information with the help of digitalization, these highly classified information are now stored in databases via the use of computer networks. Thus, allowing for attacks by cybercriminals and state-sponsored agents. Therefore, these organizations and countries spend more resources analyzing cybercrimes instead of preventing and detecting cybercrimes. The use of network forensics plays an important role in investigating cybercrimes; this is because most cybercrimes are committed via computer networks. This paper proposes a new approach to analyzing digital evidence in Nigeria using a proactive method of forensics with the help of deep learning algorithms - Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to proactively classify malicious packets from genuine packets and log them as they occur.

Dr. chandrashekhar uppin