2-Azetidinone shows biological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-microbial activity, anti-tubercular activity, and anti-cancer activity. 2-azetdinone derivatives were synthesized by simple procedures. The first step is synthesis of benzohydrazide through nucleophilic substitution reaction between methyl benzoate and hydrazine hydrate. The above formed compound is then treated with substituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid with stirring for one hour to give benzohydrazone which results in the formation of Schiff bases.Schiff bases undergone cyclisation in the presence of chloroacetylchloride and diethylenediamine by using ethanol as a solvent upon stirring for 4 hour’s yielded 2-azetidinone derivatives. The in-silico anti-leukemic activity was determined by using the computational tools i.e. “PASS Online”, “AutoDock4.2” and “ADMET” properties by online software’s. Among these six derivatives compounds (AZT-6) was shown more activity when compared with the other five compounds.

M. yaswanth

In today's globalized world, the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in shaping higher education cannot be overstated. This paper explores the multifaceted impact of FDI on higher education institutions worldwide, delving into its influence on academic programs, research endeavors, institutional infrastructure, and student experiences. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of scholarly literature, policy documents, and case studies, this paper elucidates the ways in which FDI contributes to the expansion and transformation of higher education systems across the globe. The analysis begins by examining the motivations driving foreign investors to engage with higher education, including economic imperatives, strategic partnerships, and knowledge transfer objectives. It then explores the diverse forms that FDI takes in the higher education sector, ranging from institutional partnerships and joint ventures to the establishment of branch campuses and research collaborations. By analyzing specific examples from different regions, this paper illustrates how FDI shapes the academic landscape, fosters innovation, and enhances internationalization efforts within higher education institutions.

Dr gedam kamalakar

Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs) functions as a structural framework for skill development & entrepreneurship development training laid down by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India in the year 2009. The concept of RSETI is bagged from the RUDSETIs (Rural Development & Self Employment Training Institutes), the brain child of Dr. D. Veerendra Heggade. RSETIs have 65 approved courses as per National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) under which they offer different types of Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP). All the programmes are short term residential training with 2 (two) years hand holding support. State Level Bankers Committee data revealed that through the RSETI training, huge number of unemployed youths started their own enterprise with or without bank finance and also getting the scopes of Self-employment. This particular study took a humble effort to publicize the role of TGB-RSETI in Tripura in respect to unemployment reduction through entrepreneurship development. The entire study is based on secondary data (2009-10 to 2022-23) retrieved from SBLC, Tripura website data.

Md. abdur rahman choudhury

In this study, we implement a lightweight CNN for sarcasm detection using audio input. To achieve this goal, we propose DepthFire block. We propose a lightweight version of the traditional Depthwise convolution layer that focuses on reduced memory. Unlike the traditional depthwise convolution layer that focuses on reducing the memory requirements of the entire architecture, our solution offers a specific and targeted approach that specifically reduces the memory requirements of the depthwise convolution layer through parameter reduction.We evaluated the impact of its energy consumption and the performance of our proposed solution with other existing solutions and on different activations, pooling functions and datasets.We further tested the applicability of the solution on 2D input.And our solution obtained 82.98 percent model size reduction as compared to MobileNetV2 and 58.94 percent as compared to MobileNetV3 small with a energy reduction of 56.48 percent on CIFAR10 dataset.

Jiby mariya jose

Background: Exposure to cigarette smoke has been associated with pulmonary and reproductive dysfunctions; inflammatory response, oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in cigarette smoke have been implicated in the pathogenesis of these disorders. The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), a biomarker of inflammation and oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), reproductive hormones (testosterone (TST), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)) cotinine and urinary PAH metabolite (1- hydroxypyrene (1-HOP)) were estimated in male active smokers. Methods: One hundred men aged 20-47 years, comprising 50 active male smokers and 50 non-smokers, were randomly recruited into this comparative cross-sectional study. The PEFR was measured using a peak flow meter, serum levels of cotinine, FSH, LH, TST, TNF-α, and urine 8-OHdG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 1-HOP by high-performance liquid chromatography. Data analysis was done using a t-test and correlation analysis at p≤0.05. Results: Smokers had significantly higher cotinine (49.73±31.76 versus 0.51±0.69 ng/ml, p≤0.001), 8-OHdG (16.34±12.10 versus 5.79±2.14 ng/ml, p≤0.001) and lower PEFR (309.20±56.05 versus 452.80±45.76 L/min, p≤0.001) and LH (5.75±2.06 versus 6.97±2.79 mIU/ml, p=0.015) compared to non-smokers. Duration of exposure to cigarette smoke correlated positively with cotinine (r=0.937, p≤0.001) and 1-HOP (r=0.813, p≤0.001) while cotinine correlated positively with 1-HOP (r=0.863, p≤0.001) only in smokers. Conclusion: Reduced lung function and luteinizing hormone and concurrent increase in oxidative DNA damage associated with exposure to cigarette smoke may suggest the involvement of PAH-induced DNA damage in the development of pulmonary and reproductive impairment in smokers.

Eworo raymond

NA

Priyanka

An Indonesian lady aged 52 years old presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of lower backache. One-week later, she developed urine retention followed by bilateral lower limb weakness, and since then, she has been unable to walk. Her medical history, family history, and social history were unremarkable. She has no previous history of trauma or similar presented symptoms. Clinical examination showed spastic paraparesis with hyperreflexia. Blood chemistry showed HbA1c of 11.6, and the fasting blood glucose was 14.2 mmol/l. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an epidural collection extending from T9 to S1 and occupying predominantly the anterior epidural space, with extension toward the posterior epidural space in the lumbosacral region (Fig. 1a). The provisional diagnosis was Pott’s disease, and lumbar (L) hemilaminectomy at L2 was done to drain the epidural collection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not detected by acid-fast bacilli or polymerase chain reaction testing of the specimen. However, the drained epdural collection was positive for penicillin-susceptible streptococci Agalactiae. Blood cultures were negative, and transesophageal echocardiography did not show any vegetations. The patient received intravenous ampicillin for 2 weeks, then switched to oral antibiotics for another 6 weeks, and was referred to the rehabilitation center, where she improved and was discharged after 8 weeks with a walker. A repeat MRI (Fig. 1b) showed a complete resolution of the previously described epidural collection.

Karishma

Improving the agricultural productivity is an imminent need to meet the food requirement of constantly growing population rate. It can be gracefully satisfied if the farming process is integrated through technologies such as big data and IoT. The integration of agricultural processes with modern technologies has emerged as the smart agriculture technology. This research work is focused on proving the suitability of the big data analytics for smart agricultural processes in terms of increasing production and quality of yields with less resources and overhead. This research paper expounds the extensive review carried out on the related works in smart agricultural farming, challenges in implementing the smart farming technologies at large scale, followed by the conceptual framework model for the effective implementation of big data together with IoT devices in smart farming.

Dr h shaheen

Pulses are well known richest source of vegetable protein and poor man’s food because of its essential component of diet. The frontline demonstrations of chickpea crop was carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nagaur-I, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during rabi seasons from 2011-12 to 2019-20 on 178.5 ha area with 382 demonstrations in different clusters of Nagaur district of Rajasthan. The results shows that demonstrations produced on an average 18.02 q/ha grain yield of chickpea, which was 24.18 per cent higher as compared to prevailing farmers practice (14.51 q/ha). The front line demonstrations fetched more average gross returns (Rs.60161/ha), net return (Rs. 37963/ha) and B:C ratio (2.76) with slightly higher investment on cost of cultivation (Rs.1663/ha) as compared to farmers practice. The increase in gross and net returns was in the tune of Rs.11960 and Rs. 10285 per hectare with incremental benefit: cost ratio of 0.33. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index was 350kg/ha, 608 kg/ha and 25.2 per cent, respectively. It is also observed that majority of the respondent farmers expressed high (51.83%) to the medium (32.72%) level of satisfaction regarding the performance of chickpea under demonstrations

Dr. babu lal jat

Hyperoxaluria is a metabolic disorder responsible for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. The study was conducted on glass slides to observe the growth patterns of urinary calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals and their inhibition by 5, 10, 15 and 20 % infusion of Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds. For this purpose, a drop of gel medium (sodium metasilicate of 1.06 specific gravity and 3M acetic acid solution) at pH 5.02 - 5.17 was placed in the middle of a glass slide and converted into a gel. A 1 M oxalic acid drop was dropped to the left, and 1 M calcium chloride and magnesium acetate (1:1) solution was dropped to the right side of the properly formed gel. The glass slide was observed under a microscope till it was completely dried. In the case of the crystal inhibition study, a drop of M. uniflorum infusion was also added on the right side just after adding calcium chloride and magnesium acetate solution. The results without infusion showed detailed morphology and aggregation patterns of observed crystals such as donut, dumbbell, needles, platy, prismatic, rosette, round edges, X-shape crystals, loose and compact aggregates. All infusions of M. uniflorum affected the crystals, forming defective crystals. 5 % infusion inhibited crystals of all morphologies except donuts, X-shaped crystals, donuts, platy crystals and rosettes. Defected rosettes were observed in 10 % infusion, which was reduced gradually in the crowd by 15 and 20 %, respectively. From this study, it can be concluded that M. uniflorum seeds infusion is effective against calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Dr. salman ahmed

Mobile pervasive environment interact with several devices at varying service ranges. The technical heterogeneity of pervasive environment is expected to increase the system flexibility and adaptability on modeling with context training phase. While working with context based training phase, time entity measure is considered as the significant issue. The evaluation of the services through numerous devices during training phase does not acquire an effective service monitoring on mobile pervasive environment. Mobile pervasive environment based information extraction fails to modify the patterns as activities change over time. To improve the flexibility of context training phase in mobile pervasive environment, an Active Context Source Discover Training Phase (ACSDTP) with Classifier Decision Tree Support (CDTS) mechanism is proposed in this paper. Our research work is to develop an effective modification (i.e., updation) of the pattern on training phase with real world context as per changes over time. Initially, the ACSDTP set up the available sensors in pervasive environment to work with the ever changing set of context users. The available sensors are maintained using the Active Discover process. Second, the CDTS mechanism is designed using weighted prediction for easy identification of context result on the training phase. Decision tree is operated separately using the learning techniques, where the identification is performed in a significant manner with minimal time factor. The learning process is performed to identify the inferred situations. Finally, the integration process is carried out to work with the complex association between the situations and sensor data in the mobile pervasive environment to achieve flexibility and adaptability factor. Experiment is conducted on factors such as time entity measure rate, precision ratio, and user context result determination level.

Dr h shaheen

Introduction/aims: Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a monogenic non-autoimmune diabetes with 14 different genetic forms. MODY-related mutations are rarely found in the Tunisian population. Here, we explored MODY related genes sequences among seventeen unrelated Tunisian probands qualifying the MODY clinical criteria. Materials and methods: The GCK and HNF1A genes were systematically analyzed by direct sequencing in all probands. Then, clinical exome sequencing of 4,813 genes was performed on three unrelated patients. Among them, 130 genes have been reported to be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, β-cell development, differentiation and function. All identified variants were analyzed according to their frequencies in the GnomAD database and validated by direct sequencing. Results: We identified the previously reported GCK mutation (rs1085307455) in one patient. The clinical features of the MODY2 proband were similar to previous reports. In this study, we revealed rare and novel alterations in GCK (rs780806456) and ABCC8 (rs201499958) genes with uncertain significance. We also found two likely benign alterations in HNF1A (rs1800574) and KLF11 (rs35927125) genes with minor allele frequencies similar to those depicted in public databases. No pathogenic variants have been identified through clinical exome analysis. Conclusions: The most appropriate patients were selected, following a strict clinical screening approach, for genetic testing. However, the known MODY1-13 genes could not explain most of the Tunisian MODY cases, suggesting the involvement of unidentified genes in the majority of Tunisian affected families.

Mariam moalla

About 12% of the world's population is affected by different forms of urolithiasis, of which the recurrence rate in females is 47–60% and in males is 70–80%. Standard therapeutic agents (allopurinol, citrate, cystone and thiazide diuretics) prevent and treat urolithiasis. Still, these are not universally-effective due to common kidney stone relapse and other side effects. Surgical treatment causes long-term renal damage, hypertension and stone recurrence. Polyphenols, the plant-derived bioactive molecules, have showed protection against cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases, among several other ailments. The role of these phytochemicals in urolithiasis management is emerging. Hence, the present review discusses peer-reviewed published literature to date on this aspect and highlights that polyphenols could effectively inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate urinary stones (most common renal stone), correlating with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Further, we have proposed the prospects and challenges in developing plant polyphenols into drugs against kidney stone prevention. This review might be a stepping stone for further investigation into the clinical implications of polyphenols in urolithiasis remediation.

Dr. salman ahmed

Kepatuhan terhadap terapi farmakologi merupakan kunci utama pengobatan penyakit diabetes, tetapi belum mendapat perhatian penuh oleh para klinisi. Beberapa systematic review faktor kepatuhan telah dilakukan di beberapa kawasan negara. Namun, tidak menampilkan studi dari Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara sistematis faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat diabetes melitus (DM) di Indonesia. Systematic literature review dilakukan melalui pencarian pada database jurnal Nasional (Garuda dan Sinta) dan Internasional (PubMed dan Science Direct). Penelitian yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan dipublikasikan pada Januari 2011 – Desember 2020. Kualitas penelitian dinilai menggunakan panduan SQAT. Metode pelaporan penelitian menggunakan pedoman PRISMA. Faktor kepatuhan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan domain faktor kepatuhan menurut World Health Organization (WHO). Sebanyak 370 artikel ilmiah penelitian dari database Garuda (n=36); Science Direct (n= 108); PubMed (n= 18); Sinta (n= 208). 341 artikel penelitian dieksklusi, 29 artikel skrining full text, dan 16 artikel penelitian memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dianalisis. Faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat diabetes adalah faktor sosial dan ekonomi (penghasilan, tingkat pendidikan, dan pekerjaan), faktor tenaga dan sistem kesehatan (tenaga kesehatan), faktor terapi pasien (jumlah obat diabetes, frekuensi minum obat, dan produk obat), faktor penyakit pasien (kadar gula darah, durasi penyakit), faktor pasien (jenis kelamin, faktor emosional, dukungan sosial, tingkat pengetahuan, dan kepuasan pengobatan), dan faktor pengelolaan penyakit (konseling dan edukasi farmasi). Faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat DM di Indonesia sangat beragam, dan multi faktor. Faktor tersebut dapat berfungsi sebagai target intervensi yang relevan. Para klinisi perlu mempertimbangkan penyesuaian frekuensi minum obat dan pemberian dukungan sosial kepada pasien DM.

Much ilham novalisa aji wibowo

Neuro-Behçet's Syndrome (NBS) is a rare yet potentially severe neurological manifestation of Behçet's disease (BD). Although the condition frequently affects the brainstem, basal ganglia, and diencephalon, [1,2] its occurrence as a mass-like lesion (pseudotumor) is exceedingly uncommon. These tumefactive lesions can resemble neoplastic, infectious, or demyelinating conditions, which often hinders prompt diagnosis and treatment. [1-3] In this report, we discuss a 56-year-old female from Libya with a history of Behçet’s disease, who presented with headaches, visual disturbances, and cognitive slowing. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings indicated a high T2/FLAIR signal in the bilateral basal ganglia and the left cerebellar hemisphere, extending into the middle cerebellar peduncle, accompanied by faint contrast enhancement.

Karishma

The Group of Twenty (G20) has emerged as a pivotal forum for international cooperation, bringing together leaders from the world's major economies to address pressing global challenges. In this paper, we analyse the priorities of G20 leadership in fostering consensus and advancing collective action on key issues facing the global community. Drawing upon recent declarations, communiqués, and policy statements, we identify and examine the core areas of focus for G20 members, exploring both common ground and divergent perspectives. Our analysis reveals several recurring themes that underscore the G20's commitment to promoting economic stability, sustainable development, and inclusive growth. Addressing climate change and environmental sustainability emerges as a top priority, reflecting growing recognition of the urgent need for concerted action to mitigate the impacts of climate change and transition to a low-carbon economy. Additionally, enhancing global health resilience and strengthening pandemic preparedness feature prominently on the agenda, as demonstrated by recent efforts to coordinate responses to the COVID-19 crisis and bolster health systems worldwide. Furthermore, the G20 remains committed to advancing trade and investment liberalization, promoting financial regulatory reform, and fostering innovation and digital transformation to drive economic recovery and prosperity. However, divergent views on issues such as trade imbalances, protectionism, and technology governance persist, posing challenges to consensus building and cooperation among member states.

Dr gedam kamalakar

The research into plant is used to search for new agents with pharmacological activities. This study seeks to evaluate the effects of the palm leaf methanolic extract against nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and weight loss induced by chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in a rat’s model. Five groups of rats (n= 4 in each group) were treated with or without doxorubicin (3.0 mg/kg/day, ip) and with palm leaf methanolic extract (400 mg/kg/day or 1200 mg/kg/day, po), followed by evaluation of renal and hepatic biochemical markers. The findings obtained indicated that palm leaf methanolic extract exerts protective effects against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Doxorubicin significantly elevated renal function markers, namely creatinine, uric acid and urea, however, these biomarkers remained within normal levels after treatment with palm leaf methanolic extract (400 mg/kg/day) as compared to the control group. Treating the rats with doxorubicin and palm leaf methanolic extract at doses 400 mg/kg/day and 1200 mg/kg/day, counteracts the doxorubicin-induced elevation of serum creatinine and uric acid compared to the doxorubicin group. Doxorubicin also significantly increased hepatic function tests namely alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and bilirubin as compared to the control group. In addition, treating the rats with palm leaf methanolic extract doses and doxorubicin caused a significant decrease in the serum levels of hepatic markers compared to the doxorubicin group. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in a weight loss of 34.1%, the weight loss caused by doxorubicin was prevented by treating the rats with the extract at 1200 mg/kg/day as compared to their baseline body weight. Thus, the results of the current study suggest that the active constituents present in the palm leaf methanolic extract have a protective effect against hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and weight loss-induced by doxorubicin.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Cervical and ovarian cancers contribute significantly to female morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current standard of treatment, including surgical removal, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, offers poor outcomes. There are many side effects to traditional chemotherapeutic agents and treatment-resistant types, and often, the immune response is depressed. As a result, conventional approaches have evolved to include new alternative remedies, such as natural compounds. Aquatic species provide a rich supply of possible drugs. The potential anti-cancer peptides are less toxic to normal cells and can attenuate multiple drug resistance by providing a productive treatment approach. The physiological effects of marine peptides are described in this review, which focuses on various pathways, such as apoptosis, microtubule balance disturbances, suppression of angiogenesis, cell migration/invasion, and cell viability. The review also highlights the potential role of marine peptides as safe and efficacious therapeutic agents for treating cervical and ovarian cancers.

Dr. salman ahmed

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) constitutes a major constraint to the poultry production system in Nigeria. This study was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of NDV antibodies in local chickens (Gallus domesticus) slaughtered in five different live bird markets (LBMs) in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria. Three hundred blood samples were collected and screened for antibodies against NDV using Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI). An overall seroprevalence rate of 23% (95%:CI18.5-28.0) was recorded in this study. Seroprevalence based on different LBMs revealed a higher prevalence of 28.3% (95% : Cl 18.0-40.7) in Sabo market, followed by Sokoto road market 26.7% (Cl:16.7-38.9), Kawo market 18.3% (95% Cl: 10.0-29.6), Railway market 13.3% (Cl:6.4-23.5), and the lowest prevalence was recorded in central market 11.7% (Cl:5.2-21.7). The difference in seroprevalence among the LBMs was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Higher seroprevalence of NDV antibodies in female birds 30.5 % (Cl: 24.1-37.6) was recorded compared to male 13.9% (Cl: 8.3-21.4). The study indicated that NDV is endemic in the population. LBMs location had no significant influence on the seroprevalence of NDV in the study area. The difference in seroprevalence between sexes was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrated the need for a regular strategic vaccination programme against NDV in local chickens in Kaduna metropolis.

Bitrus inuwa

Abstract Abundant solar energy is freely available almost round the year in India. As per the current scenario of global warming and climatic change, solar energy is the cleanest source in nature. Concentrated solar power (CSP)has hardly contributed to the overall installed solar power capacity in the country. CSP technologies are Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR), Paraboloid Dish and Solar Power Tower. This paper presents a review of CSP in solar parabolic dish concentrator to understand thermal aspect like thermal efficiency, optical efficiency, useful heat gain, heat losses, solar irradiation, etc. for various applications and current development. The current scenario of global CSP is discussed to meet the future challenges and need of the society.

Pramod wadate