Stability studies ensuring the maintenance of product quality, safety and efficacy throughout the shelf life are considered as pre-requisite for the acceptance and approval of any pharmaceutical product. These studies are required to be conducted in a planned way following the guideline issused by ICH, WHO and or other agencies. Importance of various methods followed for stability testing of pharmaceutical products, guideline issued for stability testing and other aspects related to stability of pharmaceutical products have been presented in a present review.

Prachi barbhaiya

The use of nanotechnology in healthcare and medicine is crucial, particularly for nanocoatings. The therapeutic potential of nanocoatings on medical implants and devices is examined in this chapter. It goes into the ingredients, production processes, and health benefits of nanocoatings. Device functionality and biocompatibility can be enhanced by nanocoatings. They are essential in addressing healthcare issues including cardiovascular stents and orthopedic implants. Additionally, nanocoatings are used in medication delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This chapter offers important knowledge on the medical applications of nanocoatings to experts and researchers. Nanotechnology has the potential to alter the medical industry, which would be advantageous for patients.

Boopathy govindarajan

In this work a set of some cyclic peroxy ketals were tested for their antimalarial activities. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was applied to 20 organic compounds of the above mentioned derivatives using Physicochemical, informational and 2D-autocorelation parameters and modeled their antimalarial activity (logIC 50) values. The multiple regression analysis clearly indicates that 5 BIC, 1 IC, MATS4v and ST parameters yielded the best model having R 2 value of 0.9515. The predictive powers of the models were explained using LOO (Leave-One-Out) Cross validation procedure. The results are also discussed on the basis of ridge regression.

Dr. shweta sharma

Dietary intake of contaminated food with heavy metals may cause severe risk for the human health. Heavy metals affect adversely a human health. The current study assessed the concentrations of heavy metals including Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) of urban and rural areas in Bangladesh. The experimental samples of fresh eggplant fruits were collected from six local markets in Jashore, Bangladesh, and the tissues were extracted with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Trace elements in eggplant fruits were estimated with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Obtained result show that Heavy metal concentrations were high in the urban areas compared to rural areas. Heavy metals in the eggplant fruits of rural and urban areas were: Pb (2.74-18.64), Cu (10.20-67.16), Ni (46.63-148.46), and Zn (86.65-148.73) mg.kg-1 respectively. The concentrations of Pb, Ni and Zn in eggplant were at an excess of safe limits according to the Food and Agriculture and World Health Organizations. While, Cu was lower than the maximum safe limit. The present study concluded that growing eggplants in Jashore areas are heavily contaminated with Pb, Ni and Zn that would be hazardous for consumer’s health. The result of this study will be beneficial for the agricultural policy makers in Bangladesh to take appropriate action and reduce the heavy metal toxicity among fresh food products.

Arafat hassan razon

Introduction: The right lung has two fissures, an oblique and a horizontal, dividing it into three lobes namely the upper, middle, and lower. The nature of the fissure is of great importance in planning operative strategy for thoracoscopic pulmonary resection where an the incomplete fissure may contribute to post-operative air leakage Aim: To assess the gross morphological features of the right lung with special emphasis on the completeness of horizontal fissure. Material & Method: Material for the present study comprised of right lungs obtained from 50 well-embalmed adult human cadavers of both the sexes dissected as a part of 1 MBBS curriculum in the Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. Results: Horizontal fissure was found to be complete in only 10% of the lungs while in rest 90% it was either incomplete or absent. Conclusion: Inferable from the huge variation in nonappearance or partial appearance of horizontal fissure in the right lung and to the absence of an acceptable classification of fissures, an endeavor has been made to give one such classification. In like manner, the horizontal fissure is evaluated from Grade zero to IV contingent on its absence and profundity from coastal surface to the hilum. Each evaluation is additionally divided into 3 subgrades relying on the culmination or incompleteness of these fissures with respect to their length.

Dr kulbir kaur

The labeling of medications includes the provision of information and instructions as well as a unique identity for the medical product. It is one of the most important sources of information for patients. Good labeling practice is critical to ensuring patients' safe and effective use of products. Misreading the label, insufficient data on the label, inappropriate labeling font, writing style, and placement on the dosage form can all have disastrous consequences. The objective of this study was to assess medication labeling practices among community pharmacists in Libya. A simulated client method (SCM) was used, and the study was carried out in the City of Zawia, where 146 local pharmacies were visited over three months for the investigation (January to March 2023). These visits were made at random, without the pharmacist's knowledge. The findings revealed that all dispensed drugs were not labeled, and none of the practicing pharmacists in any pharmacies visited displayed any drug label, printed or handwritten. The majority of pharmacists did not address or explain significant information to the patient in an effective manner, which led to inappropriate and harmful consumption of medications. The absence of dispensed drug labels reduces the patient's knowledge of the necessary information about the medicine, resulting in a treatment deficit or unsuccessful therapy. Thus, more effort should be made by health authorities to instruct pharmacists to use and work according to international labeling standards or to establish local labeling specifications.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: The human brain changes with response to various types of activities and experience through the reorganization of its neural connections. This phenomenon is called as neural plasticity. Studies over the past decade have indicated that the adult brain is structurally dynamic. Indeed, dendritic spines dynamically turn over in the adult brain, and learning of novel tasks is associated with further increases in spine turnover. The exercise training is an effective therapy for CNS dysfunctions like stroke, traumatic brain injuries etc. which has been applied to clinic. Traditionally, the exercise training has been considered to improve brain function only through enhancement, compensation, and replacement of the remaining function of nerve and muscle. Objective: To investigate the evidence on effect of exercise on neural plasticity in CNS dysfunctions. Method: A comprehensive search on PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, clinical keys database using keywords neural plasticity, exercise, strength training, aerobic exercise, physiotherapy by using Boolean AND. Randomized controlled trails, systematic reviews and meta-analysispublished since 2005 are reviewed. Results: 24 studies identified through database searching. 15 studies are excluded due to duplicates, irrelevance, based on title and abstract, outcome diversity. 6 RCT, 3 systemic reviews are included. The result of this review provides evidence that exercise drives compensatory structural adaptation in functionally relevant subsets of neurons to enhance behavioral recovery and cognitive changes after brain insult and measurable functional level of the patient. Conclusion: The result of this review provides evidence that exercise drives compensatory structural adaptation in functionally relevant subsets of neurons to enhance behavioral recovery and cognitive changes after brain insult and measurable functional level of the patient.

Nagarjuna narayanasetti

Fetus-in-fetu represents an extremely unusual condition where a malformed parasitized twin with an organized vertebral column is present within the body of its host, leading to a variety of symptoms due to its mass effect. Its pathogenesis and features differ from both teratoma and fetiform teratoma. Detailed radiological evaluation helps in the assessment of the local anatomy and in planning the surgical procedure. The clinical features of a 9-month-old female with progressive abdominal distension and feeding difficulties are described. A firm, non-tender leftsided abdominal mass on palpation was found to be a well-defined encapsulated retroperitoneal lesion with bony structures resembling a vertebral axis on abdominal sonography and computed tomography. Surgical excision revealed an encapsulated mass containing rudimentary limb buds, hair, and partially developed vertebral elements. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of fetus in fetu. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient remained asymptomatic on follow-up.

Karishma

Urolithiasis is a common problem that has been afflicted for centuries and has a high recurrence. This review covers the sixty-four (64) antiurolithiatic plants of the family Fabaceae used in 18 different countries and their historical antiurolithiatc background. Hopefully, this review will be helpful for the general public and attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Wilsons disease is a rare inherited disorder which is characterized by impaired copper excretion which leads to excessive deposition of copper in many tissues and organs like brain, liver, and eye. This is also characterized by Kaiser-Fleischer ring, low serum ceruloplasmin levels and elevated urinary copper excretion [1]. A 26year male patient came to the neurology department with chief complaints of involuntary tremors of both hands and difficulty in walking in the last one month associated with swaying to one side in the last 20 days. On examination the patient is having Kaiser-Fleisher ring positive and upon further investigation Magnetic resonance imaging brain was performed which revealed the features in favor of Wilson’s disease. And for this condition the patient is treated with chelating agents and benzodiazepines.

Dr venkata rama rao nallani

Vehicular adhoc structures (VANETs) handle the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security. In any PKI structure, the check of a got message is performed by checking if the check of the sender is joined into the current CRL, Verifying the reliability of the certification and standard for the sender. In this paper, it has been propose a Vehicular Digital Hash Gen show up (VDHG) for VANETs, which replaces the dull CRL checking process by a profitable revoking checking process. The renouncing check process in VDHG uses a Private Key Infrastructure (PKI), where the key used in finding the VDHG is shared particularly between On-Board Units (OBUs). In like manner, VDHG uses a novel probabilistic key stream, which extras with OBUs to trade and revive an issue key. VDHG can on a very basic level lessen the data torment in light of the message declaration deferral pulled back and the standard assistance structures using CRL

Dr h shaheen

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of gamifying instruction in the English language proficiency of Grade 8 Filipino ESL students in one University in Bicol, Philippines, that offers Junior High School. The quasi-experimental single pretest-posttest design was used in the study. The researcher-made test which underwent series of validation was given before and after the intervention period to determine the level of English proficiency and level of effectiveness of the games. Statistical treatment was done employing frequency count, T-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed that there was significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the respondents using gamification. Thus, it can be inferred that the games helped in improving the level of English proficiency of the Grade 8 students. The statistical test results disclosed further that the effectiveness of the three games introduced to the students were significantly high. With these findings, it was recommended that language teachers should use gamification as supplementary instructional material in improving the English proficiency of the students.

Darrel ocampo

The mechanical heart valve prosthesis with a caged ball has been around for 60 years. It has since experienced changes and adjustments. The Starr–Edwards (SE) valve was a pioneer and was taken out of clinical use in the late 2000s. SE is reportedly close to or has reached the age of 50, according to numerous sources from around the globe. The author’s observations and review of the literature about thrombogenicity, pannus formation, left ventricular outflow tract obstructions, and infective endocarditis in the SE valves, which were reportedly higher before its clinical ending, were only an overestimation and were not supported by scientific data. However, it was less discussed in the article, along with potential benefits. The main reasons for its demise were its obtrusive size and unattractive shape. There have been several successful implantations of these valves in Asian nations and reports of fewer primary failures and unexpected cardiac fatalities. Therefore, there is a need for extensive data gathering, documentation, and more recent studies on these valves to prepare for a prospective revival of use with newer research, mainly when long-term durability is considered.

Karishma

In the last decade, we have observed the usage of artificial intelligence algorithms and machine learning models in industry, education, healthcare, entertainment, and several other areas. In this paper, we focus on using machine learning algorithms in the loan approval process of financial institutions. First, we briefly review some prior research papers that dealt with loan approval predictions using machine learning models. Next, we analyze the loan approval prediction dataset we downloaded from Kaggle, which was used in this paper to compare several machine learning classification models. During this analysis, we observed that credit scores and loan terms are the attributes that probably most affect the result. Next, we divided the dataset into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). We trained 27 various machine learning models in MATLAB. Three models were optimized with Bayesian optimization to find the best hyperparameters with minimum error. We used 5-fold cross-validation for the validations to prevent overfitting during the training. In the following step, we used the test set on trained models to measure the models’ accuracy on unseen data. The result showed that the best accuracy both on validation and test data, more than 98%, was reached with neural networks and ensemble classification models.

Ladislav végh

This research assessed the nutritional composition, microbiological and sensory attributes of maize-based fortified food with peanut and carrot blends. A total of six composite flour samples were formulated using varying ratios of maize, peanut, and carrot: (MPC1) 100% maize flour (control), (MPC2) 90% maize, 5% peanut, and 5% carrot, (MPC3) 80% maize, 15% peanut, and 5% carrot, (MPC4) 70% maize, 20% peanut, and 10% carrot, (MPC5) 60% maize, 25% peanut, and 15% carrot, and (MPC6) 50% maize, 30% peanut, and 20% carrot. The proximate, mineral, vitamin, antinutrient, and functional properties of these fortified food samples were assessed using established methodologies. The proximate analysis revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in moisture, crude protein, fat, crude fibre, ash, and energy content of the fortified samples, with values ranging from 1.63% to 3.80%; 3.08% to 44.43%; 2.39% to 15.16%; 3.58% to 7.04%; 2.34% to 3.80%; and 381.75 to 432.52 KJ/100g, respectively, as the supplementation of peanut and carrot flours increased. Conversely, the carbohydrate content decreased from 86.98% to 27.64%. The mineral content of the fortified samples also showed a significant increase (p<0.05) with higher levels of peanut and carrot flour supplementation. The findings of this study indicated a statistically reduction (p<0.05) in the antinutrient profiles of the fortified food samples. Additionally, the vitamin content significantly increased (p<0.05) with the addition of peanut and carrot flours. The overall viable counts were significantly low, and there were no detectable coliform or fungal counts. Although, the result of sensory evaluation indicated that the control sample was more organoleptically acceptable than the substituted samples, incorporating these nutrient-rich and functional ingredients in the production of maize-based cereals may broaden the application of peanut and carrot flours in the creation of various cereal types and other cereal-based food items.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

Whewellite crystals are most commonly found in the kidneys, ureter and urinary bladder, causing urolithiasis. The present in vitro study aimed to observe the possible growth patterns and morphology of whewellite crystals. The study was carried out in U-shaped test tubes. Bow shape, donuts and their aggregates, dumbbell, platy, prismatic, rosette, styloid, X-shape and tetragonal bipyramidal crystals were observed. Energy Dispersive X-ray, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopies and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to characterize the crystals. This study will be helpful in determining the promotion, modulation, and inhibition of the crystals, as well as evaluating risk factors and prophylactic management of urinary stones.

Dr. salman ahmed

The chosen organisation for this research work is Tesco. Founded in 1919, Tesco is one of the most renowned retailing brands operating in the global market (Azad, 2018). It focuses on selling a wide variety of products to its customers at low prices. Since its inception, the organisation has focused on maintaining high efficiency in its internal management. This is done with the help of effective human resource practices and organisational behaviour. The organisation always seeks to maintain good relations with its employees to work hard to attain the organisational objectives. This research work will focus on understanding and analysing the concept of organizational behaviour. This will be done by applying the different concepts and theories of organisational behaviour in reference to Tesco. Concepts such as motivation, leadership, teamwork, change management, and many more will be discussed in this research work.

Zamzam abdelazim

Cet article s’articule autour de la question de la satire chez Sony Labou Tansi dans La vie et demie. Conscient de la complexité de la notion de la satire dans le temps et chez les spécialistes, il nous a semblé judicieux de confiner notre étude dans le strict cadre de la satire entendue comme genre et non comme esprit ou mode. Nous avons démontré que la satire dans La vie et demie se justifie par la présence des topiques qui fonctionnent comme une signature du genre. L’argumentation a mis un accent sur la dimension rhétorique de la satire en parlant des formes de comique mises en place dans La vie et demie, lesquels participent à l’étayage de la satire politique du Guide providentiel et de ses nuisibles descendants. Aussi, avons-nous souligné que la dimension rhétorique de la satire se justifie par la présence de la ménagerie. L ’imagerie animale qui permet de caractériser les personnages de Sony Labou Tansi emprunte à la faune sauvage sa diversité des bêtes.

Assanvo

Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek, commonly known as Mung bean, is one of the most important pulse crops grown from tropical to sub-tropical areas worldwide. Mung bean is reported to help prevent the loss of nails and hair, reduce the risk of hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease, and decrease the absorption of toxic substances. Flavonoids and phenols are reported from this plant. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and hypocholesterolemic activities are also shown by Vigna radiata

Dr. salman ahmed

Various quality control tests are employed for solid dosage forms such as uniformity, dissolution and drug contents in order to assess their pharmaceutical equivalence. The objective of the current study was to assess and contrast five distinct metformin hydrochloride brands that are offered for sale in the Libyan market. The physicochemical equivalence of the five brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets (500 mg) were determined through the evaluation of official and non-official standards according to the USP including uniformity of weight, friability, hardness, dissolution rate and drug content. All the examined brands available in the Libyan market passed the official weight variation, friability, dissolution and disintegration tests and were equivalent. The friability test was found within the specified limit. All the formulations were disintegrated within 09 - 15 min. The tested brands were non-equivalent to the innovator Glucophage® according to their dissolution evaluation. The percentage content of the active ingredient of five brands of metformin tablets showed values within the monograph specifications (95% - 105%). In conclusion, all the five brands available in the Libyan market which were evaluated in this study cannot be substituted with the innovator product in clinical practice.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences