Abstract Higher education in India is always a socio-political way and a powerful engine of social mobility. It adds to the benefits to society as more people earning Higher Education credentials. It is proven that college graduates earn more. They are less likely to be unemployed. They are more likely to vote, more likely to volunteer, and more likely to maintain good health. India as a Globalised and developing nation has been little systematically progressing on the educational front since its independence. The government is making progress in reaching out to all the classes of its society. The improvement in the country’s economic front has resulted in the upscaling of communication technology. The advent of the internet, have vastly leveraged the promotion of education across all verticals. But at the same time, the idea of Equity and Equality needs to be redefined in the present context of the newly established notion of ‘Inclusivity’. This paper deliberates on the various ideas and approaches of Higher Education in India on ‘Inclusivity’ in general and Equity and Equality in particular.

Dr. preeti oza

The article analyzes the main problems of making an assessment of public administration activities, gives important question and makes main ways of experiences of assessing criteria of public administration. This the article is also devoted to the analysis of the essence of efficiency and quality of public administration in the world and studies the main conceptual models of efficiency of public administration, the definition of types of efficiency and identification of the main problems when forming criteria for evaluation of efficiency and quality of the government

Ikboljon odashev mashrabjonovich

Antimicrobial resistance poses a critical threat to global health, exacerbated by inappropriate antibiotic usage. This study evaluates antibiotic consumption at Hospital 199, a public security hospital in Vietnam, using the defined daily dose per 100 bed-days and the World Health Organization AWaRe classification framework. Data were collected retrospectively from inpatient departments over 2022, analyzing prescribing trends to assess stewardship effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. The findings reveal a total antibiotic usage rate of 60.8 defined daily dose per 100 bed-days, predominantly driven by watch antibiotics (63.8%), followed by access antibiotics (36.2%), and minimal use of reserve antibiotics (0.0003%). Critical care departments, such as anesthesiology and intensive care, reported the highest consumption (190.54 DDD/100 bed-days), which may reflect the complexity of care provided and potential empirical prescribing practices, or an elevated infectious burden. β-lactam antibiotics accounted for 59.4% of total use, with third-generation cephalosporins representing the largest subgroup at 40.2% of defined daily doses. While adherence to stewardship principles was evident in the limited use of reserve antibiotics, the reliance on broad-spectrum agents highlighted systemic challenges, including empirical prescribing practices and limited diagnostic capacity. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote access to antibiotics, reduce over-reliance on watch agents, and enhance diagnostic support. By aligning local practices with World Health Organization guidelines, Hospital 199 demonstrates its potential to combat antimicrobial resistance effectively. These findings offer insights for similar low- and middle-income settings, contributing to global efforts to mitigate resistance and optimize antibiotic stewardship.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: In addition to the recent civil war in Yemen, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a collapse of the health system, a decline in vaccination coverage, and the spread of numerous outbreaks. In 2022, a measles outbreak impacted Al Dali governorate. This study aimed to describe the demographics of measles patients, measles risk factors, and disease outcomes in Al Dali Governorate, Yemen. Methods: All measles-infected children who sought medical attention at Al Tadhamon Hospital in Al Dali, Yemen, between February and December 2022 were included in this prospective and observational study. Results: During the study period, 154 parents gave their consent to enroll their children in this study; 88 (57.1%) were males, and 66 (42.9%) were females. The mean age of the children was 3.56±2.90 (0.3–12 years). More than half of the mothers (n=88, [57.1%]) were illiterate or had a basic educational level, while most of the fathers (n=126, [81.8%]) were well-educated. Nutritional status was normal in most children (n=146, [94.8%]), and all children were unvaccinated. Most children (n=152, [98.7]) came from areas having measles and most of them (n=130, [84.4]) were in contact with measles cases. Health facilities were close (<3 km) to many children (n=151 [98.1]), and house ventilation was good in 66.2% (n=102) of cases while crowdedness was found in 135 (87.7) cases. Family members were 7 or more in 90 (58.4) cases. Two children under the age of 5 years died because of the disease. Conclusion: Our study showed that the main risk factor for the recent measles outbreak in Al Dali governorate was lack of vaccination, as all involved children were unvaccinated. Routine immunization needs to be reinforced through health centers in different districts and community education about the dangers of the disease and the benefits of the vaccines should be enhanced to prevent outbreaks from recurring.

Karishma

Patients’ knowledge of hypertension and treatment has been found to affect health outcomes of hypertension. This study aimed to assess the impact of therapeutic patients’ education on knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification among hypertensive patients in Nigeria. The study was conducted among 317 hypertensive patients randomized into controlled and intervention groups (158 vs 159, respectively) between March 2021 and February 2022. Baseline knowledge of the patients was assessed and intervention was provided for the intervention group with a structured educational program at a baseline and six months. Descriptive data were presented with a frequency table in percentage while the chi-square test and univariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between categorical variables. Out of the total number of 318 patients, 275 completed the study (response rate: 86.8%) with 136 in the control group and 139 in the intervention group. The mean age of the patients was 59.5 (±12.5) and patients > 60 years (49.5%) were the most frequent age category. The baseline knowledge score of hypertension was 9.8 (±2.6) and 9.3 (±2.6) on a scale of 16 points in the control group and intervention group, respectively (P = 0.060) while at six months 11.9 (±2.3) vs 10.8 (±2.4) (P < 0.001) and 12 months 12.6 (±2.5) vs 9.5 (±2.0) (P < 0.001), respectively. Knowledge of lifestyle/dietary modification in the control group and intervention group at baseline was 7.0 (±2.1) and 6.6 (±2.0), respectively, while at six months 7.5 (±1.5) vs 9.9 (±1.3) (P < 0.001) and at 12 months 7.2 (±1.5) vs 10.4 (±1.2), respectively. Marital status, body mass index, and family history of hypertension were associated with knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification (P < 0.001). The educational intervention provided was found to be associated with a significant improvement in knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle/dietary modification. The marital status of the patients, body mass index and family history of hypertension influenced patients’ level of knowledge.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The presented study initially attempted to discover bergenin as an antiemetic compound isolated from Peltophorum roxburghii L. leaves. It is the extension of antiemetic activity from the methanol extract of Peltophorum roxburghii L. leaves. The antiemetic activity was assessed using copper sulfate-induced emesis in the chick’s model. Bergenin (25 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant antiemetic activity compared to the standard drug, chlorpromazine. This is the first time that bergenin has declared antiemetic activity. Bergenin has already been evaluated positively for its anti-inflammatory activity, and this paper will report its antiemetic activity. Both the activities of the same compound may be beneficial for drug design against the disease, as they have anti-inflammatory and antiemetic symptoms like migraines. The preliminary antiemetic evaluation of bergenin was conducted on a single dose due to the low yield of Bergenin. However, the result was significant in terms of the standard used. Further, the isolation and purification of Bergenin are in the process of establishing detailed data on different doses of Bergenin.

Dr. salman ahmed

Background: Hyoscine N-butylbromide (HBB; Buscopan) is commonly used in obstetric practice to accelerate labor and facilitate cervical dilation, yet variability in knowledge, attitude, and clinical usage persists among practitioners. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and usage patterns of HBB among medical practitioners at Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH), Aba, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2024 and April 2025 among 102 medical practitioners directly involved in labor care at ABSUTH. A structured, self-administered questionnaire, validated through expert review and pilot testing (Cronbach’s α = 0.78), was used to collect data on demographics, knowledge, attitude, and usage patterns. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests and Pearson correlations, were performed using SPSS v. 25.0. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Among 102 respondents, 93.1% had heard of HBB, and 70.6% correctly identified it as an antispasmodic. While 69.6% recognized its primary mechanism as cervical relaxation, 48% were aware of contraindications. The majority agreed that it is effective (mean = 4.12) and improves maternal outcomes (mean = 4.01). About 85.3% had administered it during labor, mostly in the active phase (64.7%), with the intravenous route being most preferred (56.9%). Statistically significant associations were observed between knowledge and attitude (χ² = 18.442, p = 0.001), specialty and frequency of use (χ² = 12.695, p = 0.048), and formal training with dosage knowledge (χ² = 15.210, p = 0.002). Knowledge, attitude, and usage scores were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Conclusions: While the majority of practitioners at ABSUTH are familiar with and frequently use HBB in labor management, knowledge gaps and variations in practice remain. Strengthening formal training and incorporating standardized protocols could improve evidence-based usage and maternal outcomes.

Karishma

The Group of Twenty (G20) has emerged as a pivotal forum for international cooperation, bringing together leaders from the world's major economies to address pressing global challenges. In this paper, we analyse the priorities of G20 leadership in fostering consensus and advancing collective action on key issues facing the global community. Drawing upon recent declarations, communiqués, and policy statements, we identify and examine the core areas of focus for G20 members, exploring both common ground and divergent perspectives. Our analysis reveals several recurring themes that underscore the G20's commitment to promoting economic stability, sustainable development, and inclusive growth. Addressing climate change and environmental sustainability emerges as a top priority, reflecting growing recognition of the urgent need for concerted action to mitigate the impacts of climate change and transition to a low-carbon economy. Additionally, enhancing global health resilience and strengthening pandemic preparedness feature prominently on the agenda, as demonstrated by recent efforts to coordinate responses to the COVID-19 crisis and bolster health systems worldwide. Furthermore, the G20 remains committed to advancing trade and investment liberalization, promoting financial regulatory reform, and fostering innovation and digital transformation to drive economic recovery and prosperity. However, divergent views on issues such as trade imbalances, protectionism, and technology governance persist, posing challenges to consensus building and cooperation among member states.

Dr gedam kamalakar

This dissertation aimed to critically investigate how UK manufacturing companies can employ 3PL services to enhance business profitability. A simple, cross-sectional sequential mixed methods research methodology was implemented with the qualitative phase being used to explain the findings of the quantitative phase, which was performed first. Data for the quantitative period were collected using an online questionnaire that was designed and administered through a Google survey (N= 416). At the same time, semi-structured interviews were performed via Zoom calls with senior executives and managers of UK manufacturing firms (N= 5). Descriptive statistics, a one-sample t-test, and stepwise regression were used for quantitative data analysis using SPSS while manual analysis of interview data was performed in Microsoft Excel. The results showed that transportation and fleet management were the services that UK manufacturing companies outsourced to the most significant extent while clearing and forward and inventory management were the services that were outsourced to the lowest degree. The reasons behind this trend included the level of risk involved in outsourcing a particular service, availability of 3PL providers offering the outsourcing service, and the cost involved. In terms of feasibility, all items were scored highly, although increased operational flexibility and significant reduction of operational costs ranked highest. Finally, the stepwise regression test revealed four statistically significant models with an overall prediction power of 20.1% on business profitability. The statistically significant predictor variables were a reduction of operational costs, increased operational flexibility, reduced fixed asset costs, and the gaining of external resources from 3PL service providers.

Mohamed sorogy

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the healthcare domain, revolutionizing various aspects of medical research, diagnostics, treatment, and patient care. This paper provides an overview of recent developments and applications of AI in healthcare, highlighting its potential to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility in medical practices. The integration of machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and computer vision techniques has enabled AI systems to analyze vast amounts of medical data, support clinical decision-making, and personalize treatment plans. Additionally, AI-powered technologies play a crucial role in predictive analytics, early disease detection, and the optimization of healthcare workflows. Despite the promising advancements, challenges related to data privacy, ethical considerations, and regulatory frameworks need to be addressed to fully harness the benefits of AI in healthcare.

Dhruvitkumar talati

Trans fatty acids (TFA) are the geometrical isomers of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids that affect the functional and physicochemical properties of these fatty acids, which in turn affect their metabolism in humans. Since the database available for trans fatty acids in food from India is scarce, the research report generates data about trans fatty acid content in selected foods popular in north India. In this report, various food samples like cookies, chocolates, biscuits, pizza, fries, indigenous snacks like samosa, pakora and indigenous sweets like jalebi, gulab jamun, and laddoo were analyzed for the Trans Fatty Acid (TFA) content by gas chromatography. A large variation was found in trans fatty acid content among these food samples. The results also showed that only 4.5% of the samples were found to contain TFA less than 0.5% while approximately 8% of samples having more than 5% TFA (1 branded and 6 non-branded samples). Also, a large variation was found in the trans fatty acid content of branded and non-branded food samples with the mean value of TFA in branded and non-branded food groups as 1.781 and 6.125 respectively and the t-value of 0.852 between the two groups. When regulations are emphasizing on labelling the TFA content on the product, there are arrays of unlabelled products which are not governed under any regulations. Hence there is a need for strong food regulations to bring levels of trans fats in processed foods to negligible levels.

Shalini purwar

The Sigma Delta Analog to Digital Converter (SD-ADC) with passive analog components is presented. The digital blocks required for creating the samples with required sample rate and word length from the 1 bit ADC output are presented. The digital filters are initially modeled in MATLAB Simulink and validated in frequency domain. Further they are synthesized to Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA technology. The synthesis results report clock speeds up to 300MHz. The simulation results are used to validate the principle and verify the performance of SD-ADC. The results demonstrate a promising technology area of realizing SD-ADC as a reconfigurable block on FPGA to meet several signal processing applications with sampling rates up to few hundreds of KHz

P.a. harsha vardhini

Several studies demonstrate a strong correlation between talent and organizational performance. This view has led to continued improvement of methodologies, human resource scorecards, benchmarking, and engaging in best practices aimed at attracting both talent and better business management. As all these underline advancements of organizational strategic goals, it also determines the development and alignment of individual performance (Savanevičienė and Vilčiauskaitė, 2017, pg. 247). Although most of the studies involve for-profit corporations incorporating them in various industries proves to be both logical and psychologically sound. Regarding this project, the major focus is on determining talent strategies that best companies use to attract and retain people. For the project, Deloitte has been chosen as the reference organization for the strategies it uses and how its human resource management has been able to sustain attracting and retaining good talent.

Zamzam abdelazim

Improper use of medicines may carry possible health dangers and more evidence continues to stand that adverse drug reactions to medicines are common but often preventable. Self-medication phenomena with over the counter medicines is common among people. It is regarded as essential issue of self-care. Over the counter medicines use such as analgesics among children and adolescents is continuously increasing in Libya. This constitutes an important public health concern. The aim of this study is to focus on adolescent's self-medication phenomena about the over the counter medicines that teens frequently used to treat minor and serious diseases. This work collected information throughout survey-comprised number of questions for the teenagers bought medicines from private pharmacies at two different secondary schools in Benghazi city, Libya, without prescription. The sample size was 120 students, 58 males and 62 females in age range of 15-18 years. Data collected from questionnaire were analyzed for pattern of medicine use. Male adolescents bought toothache and muscle-spasm medicines more frequently than female adolescents. On the other hand, female adolescents administered more over the counter medications monthly than males. The use of over the counter medicines has been found highly rated and exaggerated among secondary school teenagers. In conclusion, adolescents have to be educated regarding over the counter medicine use in Libya. The need for promoting the appropriate use of medicines healthcare system is an important issue. This can be achieved through an educational strategy involved different public sectors such as health and education authorities.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Digital data is growing enormously as the year passes and therefore there is a need of mechanism to protect the digital contents. Image watermarking is one of the important tools for the human to provide copyright protection and authorship. For achieving the ideal balance between imperceptibility and robustness, a robust blind color image watermarking employing deep artificial neural networks (DANN), LWT and the YIQ color model has been presented. In the suggested watermarking method, an original 512-bit watermark is applied for testing and a randomly generated watermark of the same length is used for training. PCA is used to extract 10 statistical features with significant values out of 18 statistical features, and binary classification is used to extract watermarks here. For the four images Lena, Peppers, Mandril, and Jet, it displays an average imperceptibility of 52.48 dB. For the threshold value of 0.3, it does an excellent job of achieving good balance between robustness and imperceptibility. Except for the gaussian noise, rotation, and average filtering attacks, it also demonstrates good robustness against common image attacks. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the suggested watermarking method outperforms competing methods.

Manoj kumar pandey

Potato starch extraction is a critical process with implications across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and bioplastics. This review explores current techniques, challenges, and future opportunities in potato starch extraction. Traditional methods such as compression or wet grinding, enzymatic processes, and microwave-assisted extraction are examined for their efficiency, advantages, and limitations. The paper emphasizes the importance of quality control measures to ensure the purity and safety of the extracted starch. Critical quality control aspects include raw material inspection, monitoring during processing, purity and composition analysis, and adherence to national and international standards. Innovations in extraction methods, including enzymatic and green solvent extraction, ultrasonic and microwave-assisted techniques, and advancements in nanotechnology and biotechnological approaches, are highlighted as trends driving the industry towards greater sustainability and efficiency. The clean label movement also reflects a consumer-driven shift towards natural, minimally processed ingredients, influencing industry practices and regulatory compliance. The future of potato starch extraction holds significant promise, with the integration of sustainable practices and technological innovations to meet evolving market demands and regulatory standards, underscoring the need for continuous research and development in the field.

Dr. salman ahmed

This mathematical model forms machine cells, optimises the costs of unassigned machines and components, and designs the shop floor cell layout to have minimal movement of materials. The complete similarity measure algorithm forms machine cells and part families in a refined form. Later, exceptional elements are eliminated in the optimisation model by using machine duplication and sub-contracting of parts. Then the shop floor layout is designed to have optimised material movements between and within cells. An evaluation of the cell formation algorithm’ performance is done on the benchmark problems of various batch sizes to reveal the process’s capability compared with other similar methods. The data of machining times are acquired and tabulated in a part incidence matrix, which is used as input for the algorithm. The results from the linear programming optimisation model are that costs are saved, machines are duplicated, parts are sub-contracted, and there are inter- and intra-cellular movements. Finally, the output of the inbound facility design is the floor layout, which has machine cell clusters within the optimised floor area.

S ramesh

This paper aims to explore the supporting and inhibiting factors in the effort to integrate character education in akidah akhlak subjects at MIN 11 Aceh Tenggara. This study uses a qualitative method with a narrative approach and data collection techniques of interview, observation, and documentation; then, the data is analyzed using the methods developed by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. This study shows that the supporting factor for integrating character education in aqidah moral learning at MIN 11 Aceh Tenggara is the availability of learning media in the form of focus and Madrasah residents who work together to supervise all students, both outside and inside the Madrasah environment. The inhibiting factors are the limitations of Madrasah infrastructure in the form of no mosque or prayer room, family support, and social media and games that have an influence on student character.

Educare: journal of primary education

As we aware diabetes is not only one kind of symptomatic disease but its occurrence spread through the various metabolic channels and hence raises other disorders. The prolonged symptoms of diabetes also cause the complications of eyesight, Night blindness, kidney failure, and other autoimmuno dysfunction including sexual dysfunction. In those symptomatic diseases various drugs are used to treat the diabetes such as biosimilar therapy including use of insulin and insulin analogues, oral hypoglycaemic agents and various other complementary medicines. As herbal remedies i.e. M charantia Linn. (Bitter Gourd) are commonly known as fruit vegetables. The Leaves, Seeds, Roots, Fruits and the stem part of the plants are medicinally used in different diseases. It is most effectively used to treat the acidic condition of gastrointestinal tract. M.charantia is also called the oxygen radical scavenger, which takes part into metabolic pathway. Due to the oxygen radical scavenging activity of GSH it directly expedites the ROS neutralization and the repair of ROS-induced damage which is important to neutralize the acidic condition of gastrointestinal tract.The present investigation was carried out to study the characterization of present antidiabetic compound having different solvent extract of M.charantia in various solvent system. The overall conclusion suggested that the extracted compound shows the antidiabetic and diuretic properties. The total unknown protein concentration was 21.01 µg/mL which is similar with standard antidiabetic drug and the slope consists of 0.0314 with the line of intercept 0.081, which has been elaborated in results and conclusion.

Dr. wahul umesh b

Background: Information on Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity (BPT) in Qatar is scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BPT and to describe its clinical significance and outcome in germ cell tumor (GCT) patients who received bleomycin-containing regimens.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research. It included all patients diagnosed with GCT and treated with a bleomycin-containing regimen between January 2002 and December 2008 Results: We identified fourteen patients with GCT who received bleomycin containing regimen. Four of them (28.5%) had developed BPT, and they were males with mean age of 39.3±8.3 years (range: 25-46 years). The calculated creatinine clearance before treatment was normal in the 4 cases. Evaluation of the chest computed tomography scan before starting bleomycin containing regimens revealed that none of our patients had pre-existing parenchymal lung disease. The mean cumulative bleomycin dose was 187.5± 153.7 U, while the mean time to onset of BPT was 3.5±2.1 months. Once the diagnosis of BPT was established, bleomycin was discontinued in the four patients and short courses of dexamethasone were administered. Two patients (50%) died, while one patient survived with a fibrosis sequel, and the fourth patient recovered without a fibrosis sequel. Conclusion: BPT is one of the life-threatening side effects of this drug that every doctor should be aware of when treating GCT, therefore, a high index of suspicious is needed for early recognition of BPTs.

Karishma