This abstract provides an overview of the critical role of academic leadership and governance in higher education institutions. As the landscape of higher education undergoes profound transformations, academic leaders and governance structures play a pivotal role in shaping the direction, quality, and effectiveness of educational institutions. This abstract highlights key themes, challenges, and considerations related to academic leadership and governance, emphasizing the need for adaptability, transparency, and inclusivity in the decision-making processes. The abstract begins by acknowledging the evolving nature of higher education and the increasing complexity of issues facing institutions, including technological advancements, changing student demographics, and shifting funding models. It underscores the central importance of academic leadership and governance in addressing these challenges and promoting institutional excellence.

Dr gedam kamalakar

India’s economic system has undergone significant changes in recent years reflecting globalization and changes in national policies. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of India’s economic growth, focusing on imports and exports. The study explores the key drivers of economic expansion, including trade liberalization, trade agreements, and technological advancement. It also explores the impact of international trade and geopolitical events on business models. It assesses the role of policy measures such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), the Make in India initiative, and various free trade agreements in generating economic benefits. The paper also assesses the trade balance and its impact on India’s economic stability and growth. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving the market, including diversifying entrepreneurs, investing in infrastructure, and strengthening the domestic economy. The review provides insights to policymakers, businesses, and academics who want to understand and harness India’s economic potential in the global economy

Dr gedam kamalakar

This study's objective was to determine the distribution of allele frequencies of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms among the Papuan population, known as the second-largest ethnic group in Indonesia. According to recent research, there is a decrease in CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 produced by humans globally, including in Indonesia. These gene polymorphisms aid in the transmission of various endogenous and exogenous drugs in the human body. Material and Methods: A sum of 99 subjects, comprising 73 male and 26 female subjects aged 20-30 years, were used for this research. PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis using AvaII, NsiI, and SfaNI enzymes tested for the genotypes CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 administered. The distribution of genotypes was calculated in the population (P<0.05) using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University's Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee (MHREC) accepted this research with written consent. The results revealed that in Papua subjects, CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853) and CYP2C19*17 (rs12248560) alleles were absent while in 17 percent of the population CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) allele frequency was. In conclusion, CYP2C9*3 has the highest polymorphism rate in Indonesia, with the absence of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C19*17. Therefore, genetic drift can occur within this ethnic group.

Syahrul tuba

Air pollution is a major health problem in developing countries and has adverse effects on human health and the environment. Non-thermal plasma is an effective air pollution treatment technology. In this research, the performance of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor packed with glass and ceramic pellets was evaluated in the removal of SO2 as a major air pollutant from air in ambient temperature. The response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of three key parameters (concentration of gas, gas flow rate, and voltage) as well as their simultaneous effects and interactions on the SO2 removal process. Reduced cubic models were derived to predict the SO2 removal efficiency (RE) and energy yield (EY). Analysis of variance results showed that the packed-bed reactors (PBRs) studied were more energy efficient and had a high SO2 RE which was at least four times more than that of the non-packed reactor. Moreover, the results showed that the performance of ceramic pellets was better than that of glass pellets in PBRs. This may be due to the porous surface of ceramic pellets which allows the formation of microdischarges in the fine cavities of a porous surface when placed in a plasma discharge zone. The maximum SO2 RE and EY were obtained at 94% and 0.81 g kWh−1, respectively under the optimal conditions of a concentration of gas of 750 ppm, a gas flow rate of 2 l min−1, and a voltage of 18 kV, which were achieved by the DBD plasma packed with ceramic pellets. Finally, the results of the model's predictions and the experiments showed good agreement.

Niloofar

Family businesses must harness the full potential of their human resources and maintain employee loyalty to achieve the companies’ objectives effectively. This study examines the influence of transformational leadership on employee commitment through work-life balance and workplace social support. The research was conducted from August to December 2023 using an online questionnaire distributed to employees in a family firm in Medan, Indonesia. The data were then analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results show that transformational leadership significantly effects employee commitment, work-life balance, and workplace social support. However, although workplace social support mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and employee commitment, work-life balance fails to do so. It was also found that work-life balance has no direct influence on employee commitment. Using an IPMA analysis, this study highlights the importance of transformational leadership and workplace social support in the family business environment. Transformational leadership has also been shown to have the best performance and effect on employee commitment. Managers should prioritize these aspects to reduce employees’ stress levels, improve psychological well-being, and increase job satisfaction, leading to a more committed, high-performance workforce.

L

Background: Formaldehyde is found in different kinds of medicine and industrial products, cigarette smoke, and even numerous vegetables, fruits and seafood that have been illegally preserved with formalin. The water soluble vitamin C is a strong antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and other reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Even in small amounts, vitamin C can defend nucleic acids, lipids and proteins against oxidative damage. Objectives: the aim of this study is to elucidate the possible changes that take place in the liver of adult male albino rats after intraperitoneal injection of formaldehyde and the possibility of oral vitamin C’s hepatoprotectivity against it. Design: forty-five adult male albino rats were utilized in this work. These animals were allocated randomly into three main groups. Group I (control groups) included 3 subgroups each contained 9 rats : –ve control received no treatment , +ve control which were injected intraperitoneally by 1 ml of distilled water for 10 days and vit.C +ve control group which received a daily dose of ascorbic acid (100mg/kg bw) dissolved in distilled water by gavage for 10 days. Group ΙΙ: contained 9 rats, which were injected intraperitoneally with a daily dose of formaldehyde (10mg/kg BW) for 10 days. Group IΙΙ: contained 9 rats that were injected intraperitoneally with a daily dose of formaldehyde (10mg/kg BW) concomitantly with daily dose of ascorbic acid (100mg/kg BW) by gavage for 10 days. By the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical study of ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and albumin and all animals were anaesthetized by ether inhalation. Liver specimens were dissected out and weighed then subjected to histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and morphometrical examination. Results: Administration of formaldehyde at a dose of 10 mg/kg caused increase in serum activities of ALT and AST ,but regarding albumin ,it remained unaffected .It caused increase in the liver weights and induced several histopathological changes in the liver of adult male albino rats as congested dilated central veins, portal veins and blood sinusoids with increase in the thickness of the wall of the portal vein. Meanwhile, some hepatic lobules showed multiple necrotic foci around central and portal veins. On the other hand, vit.C partially improved the state of oxidative stress as evidenced by iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) immunohistochemistry. It also reduced the degree of hepatic fibrosis as evidenced by Mallory trichrome histochemical staining. Conclusion: Exposure to formaldehyde led to pronounced hepatic damage which is partially limited by vit.C coadministration. Recommendations: Many special precautions should be taken to limit the occupational and environmental exposure and the level of food and water contamination with formaldehyde and use vit.C as a supplement to limit the toxic effects on the liver.

Samar mortada mahmoud

The share of renewable energy share in India's energy mix of India has been increasing recently owing to the promotion and implementation of various government policies that promote the use of renewable sources of energy, depleting fossil fuel levels, increasing fuel prices, and stringent laws for emission reduction worldwide. The increase in the use of solar-evacuated-tube-collector-based domestic water heating is the result of this transition from conventional to nonconventional sources of energy. The recent urban agglomeration is challenging to install these solar water heaters in every household because the roof space is limited. Space reduction can be achieved by reducing the collector area by varying the diameter of the evacuated tubes. This study used a single tube and tank arrangement model with a fixed inclination to achieve a thermosyphon effect in a solar water heating system with three different diameter configurations of 48 mm, 54 mm, and 72 mm, with a tube measuring 1800 mm in length. Thermal assessment of the thermosyphon-based evacuated tube-solar water heater using the ANSYS CFD simulation software involves measuring the temperature at three different positions in the tank to study the thermosyphon initialization. This study signifies that the 72-mm-diameter evacuated tube is more capable of initializing the thermosyphon effect in the system. Nevertheless, the final temperature of the system is better achieved in the 48-mm-diameter evacuated tube

Swapnil ratnakar mane

Urolithiasis has been a common problem for centuries and has a high recurrence. This review covers the forty-nine (49) antiurolithiatic plants of the family Lamiaceae used in 11 countries. Hopefully, this review will be helpful for the general public and attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Background: Ward rounds are a cornerstone of inpatient care, critical to patient management, interdisciplinary communication, and bedside teaching. However, despite their importance, ward rounds are often unstructured and inconsistent, limiting both clinical efficiency and educational impact. Objective: This narrative review examines common deficiencies in current ward round practices and proposes a structured, evidence-informed framework to enhance their effectiveness. Methods: A narrative review was conducted to identify deficiencies in ward round practices and develop a practical, evidence-informed framework for improvement. Given the focus on conceptual and experiential insights, a formal quality appraisal of the included studies was not performed. Results: The review identified recurrent challenges, including poor planning, unclear leadership, inadequate time management, and a lack of integrated teaching. Drawing on best practices, a three-phase model—preparation, execution, and education—is proposed to enhance team communication, patient involvement, and trainee learning. Conclusions: Structured, goal-oriented ward rounds can significantly improve care coordination, safety, and clinical education. Institutions should prioritize standardized ward round models supported by training in leadership, teaching, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Karishma

The Art of Public Speaking BY J. BERG ESENWEIN AUTHOR OF "HOW TO ATTRACT AND HOLD AN AUDIENCE," "WRITING THE SHORT-STORY," "WRITING THE PHOTOPLAY," ETC., ETC., AND DALE CARNAGEY PROFESSOR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING, BALTIMORE SCHOOL OF COMMERCE AND FINANCE; INSTRUCTOR IN PUBLIC SPEAKING, Y.M.C.A. SCHOOLS, NEW YORK, BROOKLYN, BALTIMORE, AND PHILADELPHIA, AND THE NEW YORK CITY CHAPTER, AMERICAN The Art of Public Speaking by Dale Carnagey (AKA Dale Carnegie) and J. Berg Esenwein 2 INSTITUTE OF BANKING THE WRITER'S LIBRARY EDITED BY J. BERG ESENWEIN THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL SPRINGFIELD, MASS. PUBLISHERS Copyright 1915 THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TO F. ARTHUR METCALF FELLOW-WORKER AND FRIEND Table of Contents Page THINGS TO THINK OF FIRST--A FOREWORD IX CHAPTER I --ACQUIRING CONFIDENCE BEFORE AN AUDIENCE 1 CHAPTER II --THE SIN OF MONOTONY 10 CHAPTER III --EFFICIENCY THROUGH EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION 16 CHAPTER IV --EFFICIENCY THROUGH CHANGE OF PITCH 27 CHAPTER V --EFFICIENCY THROUGH CHANGE OF PACE 39 CHAPTER VI --PAUSE AND POWER 55 CHAPTER VII --EFFICIENCY THROUGH INFLECTION 69 CHAPTER VIII --CONCENTRATION IN DELIVERY 80 CHAPTER IX --FORCE 87 The Art of Public Speaking by Dale Carnagey (AKA Dale Carnegie) and J. Berg Esenwein 3 CHAPTER X --FEELING AND ENTHUSIASM 101 CHAPTER XI --FLUENCY THROUGH PREPARATION 115 CHAPTER XII --THE VOICE 125 CHAPTER XIII --VOICE CHARM 134 CHAPTER XIV --DISTINCTNESS AND PRECISION OF UTTERANCE 146 CHAPTER XV --THE TRUTH ABOUT GESTURE 156 CHAPTER XVI --METHODS OF DELIVERY 171 CHAPTER XVII --THOUGHT AND RESERVE POWER 184 CHAPTER XVIII --SUBJECT AND PREPARATION 199 CHAPTER XIX --INFLUENCING BY EXPOSITION 218 CHAPTER XX --INFLUENCING BY DESCRIPTION 231 CHAPTER XXI --INFLUENCING BY NARRATION 249 CHAPTER XXII --INFLUENCING BY SUGGESTION 262 CHAPTER XXIII --INFLUENCING BY ARGUMENT 280 CHAPTER XXIV --INFLUENCING BY PERSUASION 295 CHAPTER XXV --INFLUENCING THE CROWD 308 CHAPTER XXVI --RIDING THE WINGED HORSE 321 CHAPTER XXVII The Art of Public Speaking by Dale Carnagey (AKA Dale Carnegie) and J. Berg Esenwein 4 --GROWING A VOCABULARY 334 CHAPTER XXVIII --MEMORY TRAINING 343 CHAPTER XXIX --RIGHT THINKING AND PERSONALITY 355 CHAPTER XXX --AFTER-DINNER AND OTHER OCCASIONAL SPEAKING 362 CHAPTER XXXI --MAKING CONVERSATION EFFECTIVE 372 APPENDIX A--FIFTY QUESTIONS FOR DEBATE 379 APPENDIX B--THIRTY THEMES FOR SPEECHES, WITH SOURCE-REFERENCES 383 APPENDIX C--SUGGESTIVE SUBJECTS FOR SPEECHES; HINTS FOR TREATMENT 386 APPENDIX D--SPEECHES FOR STUDY AND PRACTISE 394 GENERAL INDEX 506

Kamal singh

Along with computer technology, the demand of digital image processing is too high and it is used massively in every sector like organization, business, medical etc. Image segmentation enables us to analyze any given image in order to extract information from the image. There are numerous algorithm and techniques have been industrialized in the field of image segmentation. Segmentation has become one of the prominent tasks in machine vision. Machine vision enables the machine to vision the real world problems like human does and also act accordingly to solve the problem so it is utmost important to come up with the techniques that can be applied for the image segmentations. Invention of modern segmentation methods like instance, semantic and panoptic segmentation have advances the concept of machine vision. This paper focuses on the various methods of image segmentation along with its advantages and disadvantages.

Manoj kumar pandey

Background The prevalence of diabetes is escalating globally, underscoring the need for comprehensive evidence to inform health systems in effectively addressing this epidemic. The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of countries’ capacity to manage diabetes using latent class analysis (LCA) and to determine whether the patterns are associated with diabetes-related deaths and healthcare costs. Methods Eight indicators of country-level capacity were drawn from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory dataset: the widespread availability of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) testing, existence of diabetes registry, national diabetes management guidelines, national strategy for diabetes care, blood glucose testing, diabetic retinopathy screening, sulfonylureas, and metformin in the public health sector. We performed LCA of these indicators, testing 1–5 class solutions, and selecting the best model based on Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), entropy, corrected Akaike Information Criteria (cAIC), as well as theoretical interpretability. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between capacity to manage diabetes (based on the latent class a country belongs) and diabetes-related deaths and healthcare costs. Results We included 194 countries in this secondary analysis. Countries were classified into “high capacity” (88.7%) and “limited capacity” (11.3%) countries based on the two-class solution of the LCA (entropy = 0.91, cAIC = 1895.93, BIC = 1862.93). Limited capacity countries were mostly in Africa. Limited capacity countries had significantly higher percentage of their deaths attributable to diabetes (adjusted beta = 1.34; 95% CI: 0.15, 2.53; p = 0.027) compared to high capacity countries even after adjusting for income status and diabetes prevalence. Conclusions Our findings support the report by the Lancet commission on diabetes, which suggests that differences in diabetes outcomes among countries may be explained by variations in the capacity of and investments made in their health systems. Future studies should evaluate initiatives such as the WHO Global Diabetes Compact that are currently underway to improve the capacity of resource-limited countries.

Emmanuel ekpor

Use of chemical fungicide to control plant diseases causes several adverse effects such as, development of resistance in the pathogen, residual toxicity, pollution to the environment etc. So an alternative way to overcome the usage of dreadful chemicals is very important. The use of plant extracts as biofungicide is one of the popular and effective method. Araucaria columnaris is a commonly seen ornamental plant known as Christmas tree. It’s a South African species, under the family Araucariaceae. Hence, in the present study, the plant resin extract was tested in-vitro against major plant pathogensby preliminary bioassay. It was found that up to 95% reduction of mycelium growth was observed against major phytopathogens such as Fusarium oxysporyum, Rhizoctoniasp, Cylindrocladiumsp, Alternariasp, and Colletrotricum sp., causing tomato wilt, damping off, foliage blight, and leaf blight diseases in economically important plants. Up to our knowledge it is the first report showing the antifungal activity of Araucaria columnaris resin as antifungal agent. By using this valuable tree, further work will be done to formulate commercial biofungicide.

Dr. saranya devi k

This case is designed to highlight the marketing strategies adopted by a new entrant in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. The importance of brand architecture in building brand relevance in this competitive environment and enhancing customer loyalty has been put forth as illustrated by the experts. The synchronization of branding strategies and marketing communications in terms of establishing a customer connect purely on the basis of nationalism, price, and natural preparations have been highlighted from the perspective of Patanjali’s growth strategy. The brand has been envied by all the big players of the sector for proving itself as the major disruptor being portrayed in terms of its voluminous sales and ever-rising revenues. This case on Patanjali offers an insight into the strategies followed by a new company to position the brand at the right time and acquire a substantial market share. It also highlights the facts that exceptional competitiveness in distribution strategies may not be the only determinant for effective management of distribution strategies, and the road ahead needs to be rightly sorted out. This case also tries to unlock the path that determines the success the brand Patanjali has achieved which otherwise took decades for Nestle, Proctor & Gamble, ITC, or Unilever to achieve.

Dr. neena prasad

Garcinia cambogia, commonly known as Asam Gelugur, has entrenched itself as a traditional herbal medicine, renowned for its applications in treating obesity and its integration into global nutraceutical formulations. The bioactive compounds within, particularly hydroxy citric acid, mediate various effects. This study aims to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of Taxol, a cytotoxic drug used as a control, and the aqueous extract from Garcinia cambogia against the Vero cell line - a kidney-like cell. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimetyl-2-2thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The assay relies on mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase's potential to reduce MTT, providing a colorimetric indication of cell viability. The results revealed an IC50 value exceeding 500 µg/mL for the aqueous extract from Garcinia cambogia significantly higher than Taxol's 0.0581 µg/mL. This higher IC50 value implies lower toxicity, positioning the Garcinia cambogia extract as a safe component in nutraceuticals and herbal supplements. The aqueous extract of Garcinia cambogia demonstrates low cytotoxicity, reinforcing its safety profile for use in nutraceuticals, which contributes valuable insights into the safety considerations of incorporating Garcinia cambogia into herbal supplements.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

In the running of the Internet world, Ecommerce industry has its own benchmark in terms of its rapid growth and has made itself an established sector that is indispensable for every industry to trade and do transactions online. As the world is rushing in a rapid manner, India is slogging in the improvisation of the online market, leading to the lack of customized needs of the customers. Bigger companies are trying to put in a different strategic approach taking that into consideration an approach of blended emining along with ecommerce has been devised. It would be a design of the semanticand neuralbased page ranking algorithm [2]. This tool upon launching would be a welldefined approach for ecommerce website ranking [1]. It would also facilitate the customers to find the relevant websites on the top of the page during their search for any particular product orbusiness. It would be further customized with all the relevant comparison of the other websites in terms of the product quality and price.

Dr h shaheen

Women are multi taskers in their lives- mother, wife, daughter, sister and a lot more. And hence are exposed to a lot of emotions. A working woman is exposed to many other more roles- boss, subordinates. A working woman has to develop skills of self awareness, self management, be motivated, feelings of optimism, positivity and internality, empathy and social skills (collectively called as emotional intelligence) to perform her multiple roles, both at home and at, work place efficiently so as to meet the expectations of both the family members and their organization. Current study focuses on investigating the influence of demographic factors on the level of emotional intelligence among the respondents in Coimbatore city. These factors tested against being determined by their age, job profile, marital status.

Nandini

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a prevalent congenital cardiac anomaly. It is increasingly acknowledged as a significant factor in cryptogenic ischemic stroke, especially among young adults experiencing otherwise unexplained cerebrovascular incidents. This review summarizes recent advances in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and management of PFO-related stroke. The article examines the intricate mechanisms of PFO-associated strokes, including paradoxical embolism, in situ thrombus formation, and atrial cardiopathy, while emphasizing the significance of anatomical risk factors like large shunt size and atrial septal aneurysm. The clinical implications of PFO in various disorders, such as migraine with aura, decompression sickness, and high-altitude pulmonary edema, are also analyzed. Diagnostic modalities such as echocardiography and transcranial Doppler are compared, focusing on their sensitivities and procedural details. The review focuses on evidence-based methods for medical, interventional, and device-based closure of PFO, highlighting patient selection and ongoing controversies. The ongoing uncertainties surrounding causal relationships, risk stratification, and optimal therapy highlight the necessity for continued research. This review offers a current synthesis for clinicians and researchers addressing the challenges associated with the evaluation and management of PFO in stroke prevention. To achieve the aims of the article and make it concise, PubMed, Google, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched for original and review articles published in the last 10 years. Several keywords, phrases, and texts were utilized.

Karishma

The research paper has addressed the issues related to the usage patterns of the social media by the college students. The demographic profile of the students is also been studied in order to identify the relationships. The most used social media, duration of the use of social media, time spent on the social media, the reliability of the information shared on the social media, number of friends and the groups students have on social media their preferred time of using social media are the major issues discussed in the paper. Primary data is used for the calculations and analysis which is collected through the questionnaire circulated among 500 students studying in graduate level pharmaceutical science course. The study is descriptive in nature and qualitative as well as quantitative research methods are used to study the objectives. The study presents new data on Internet use among male and female college students, as well as trends in use of social media. The findings of the paper indicate that there exists a strong link between the gender of the respondents and most used social media. The data analysis gives a clear picture about the typical pattern of using social media in terms of the time, occasion, number of friends and groups they belong to on social media.

Nitin mali

Animals like plants are also medicinal agents for preventing and curing different health problems worldwide, practically in all human cultures. Zootherapy is ancient and has strong evidence of the medicinal use of animal resources. Different animal body parts and preparations are used in folk medicines. Zootherapy reveals that medical practitioners have always considered animals a source of surprising and numerous therapeutic effects. A high diversity of animals, their parts, and derivative products are used, and this is a heritage that could constitute a fundamental step in the discovery and isolation of natural extracts and new and low-cost alternative drugs from animals. About 12% of people worldwide are affected by different types of urolithiasis; the recurrence rate in females is 47-60%, and in males is 70-80%. According to WHO, 75% of the population relies on traditional medicines to prevent and cure diseases. Hence, there is a need to concentrate on all folk natural products effective in urolithiasis for their pharmacological evaluation and isolation of single drug molecules responsible for anti-urolithiasis activity to develop suitable formulations against urolithiasis.

Dr. salman ahmed