The study was conducted on glass slides to observe the growth patterns of urinary calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals and their inhibition using 5, 10, 15 and 20 % Phaseolus lunatus seed infusion. For this purpose, a drop of gel medium (sodium metasilicate of 1.06 specific gravity and 3M acetic acid solution) at pH 5.02-5.17 was placed in the middle of a glass slide and converted into a gel. A 1 M oxalic acid drop was dropped to the left, and 1 M calcium chloride and magnesium acetate (1:1) solution was dropped to the right side of the properly formed gel. The glass slide was observed under a microscope till it was completely dried. In the case of the crystal inhibition study, a drop of Phaseolus lunatus infusion was also added to the right side after adding calcium chloride and magnesium acetate solution. The results without infusion showed detailed morphology and aggregation patterns of observed crystals such as donuts, dumbbells, needles, platy, prismatic, rosette, round edges, X-shape crystals, and loose and compact aggregates. All infusions of Phaseolus lunatus showed defective crystals. 5% infusion inhibited crystals of all morphologies with their loose and compact aggregates except X-shaped crystals and rosettes. Meanwhile, 10% and 15 % infusions decreased X-shaped and rosette crystals. 20 % infusion showed defective rosettes. The microscopic study of calcium oxalate crystal growth and its inhibition is simple and provides rapid qualitative analysis of antiurolithiatic activity.

Dr. salman ahmed

Oxalate is widely distributed in plant foods as potassium, sodium and ammonium oxalates (water-soluble form) and as insoluble calcium oxalates. Oxalate forms strong chelates with dietary calcium, thus rendering the complex unavailable for absorption and assimilation. It precipitates as insoluble salts accumulating in the renal glomeruli and contributes to the development of renal disorders. The seed flours of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. were investigated for their total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents by HPLC. The total oxalate content of M. uniflorum, P. lunatus and P. vulgaris was 1.24, 1.77 and 1.71 mg/ g, respectively. The %age of soluble oxalate were M. uniflorum (19.50), P. lunatus (15.08) and P. vulgaris (15.88). Only soluble oxalate is responsible for oxalate absorption (bioavailability) and its excretion. Overall, the total oxalate content is high in legume flour of M. uniflorum, P. lunatus, and P. vulgaris, but the soluble oxalates are very low. Therefore, all these three legumes don't have the adverse effects of oxalate on minerals bioavailability and risk of urolithiasis.

Dr. salman ahmed

In this report, Abacus Ltd employee will offer his client guidelines, another organisation trying to comprehend risk management. Abacus gives a scope of business consultancy administrations to their clients which assist them with developing their business. Abacus's new client wants all individuals from the senior group to comprehend risk management in business and the various kinds of danger (Aven and Renn, 2010).

Zamzam abdelazim

Sigma-Delta (SD) analog to digital converters (ADCs) have several advantages over the nyquist rate type ADCs. The linearity over high dynamic range makes the SD ADCs an ideal choice for voice and precise instrumentation applications. The SD-ADC architecture is well established and analyzed [5, 6]. It is heavily based on digital processing and provides a high resolution, low noise output with very low analog implementation effort. The technique of sigma delta ADC is in practice from several decades. The feature of digital dominated design of SD-ADC makes it different from other types of ADCs. As the technologies are evolving, new realization methodologies are emerging for realizing SD-ADC. The conventional approach of realizing an ADC as a separate ASIC and providing the interface to digital IC (either Microprocessor or FPGA) for providing mixed signal processing platform has following limitations.

P.a. harsha vardhini

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a persistent oral mucosal condition that carries an elevated risk of undergoing malignant transformation. Our objective was to elucidate the involvement of epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSF and its progression to malignancy by studying a panel of EMT markers, thereby understanding the molecular mechanisms. Methods: An immunohistochemical analysis was done to detect the presence of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, pancytokeratin (PanCK), vimentin, α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin), and CD44 in a total of 100 tissue samples. These samples comprised 40 cases of OSF, 20 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with OSF (OSFSCC), and 40 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A whole transcriptomic analysis was performed on a group of seven matched samples encompassing NOM, OSF, OSFSCC, and OSCC. Results: We observed significantly decreased expression of E-cadherin and PanCK, while N-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA, and CD44 showed significantly higher expression in OSFSCC and OSCC as compared to OSF, both at protein and RNA levels. CD44 expression was noticeably higher in OSFSCC (p < 0.001) than in OSCC. Conclusion: Downregulation of epithelial markers with concomitant upregulation of mesenchymal and stem cell markers suggests the potential role of EMT and stemness in accelerating the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OSF. The high levels of CD44 expression seen in OSFSCC indicate a high propensity for aggressiveness and acquisition of stem-like characteristics by the cells undergoing EMT.

Mohit sharma

Recently, novel materials like gas-sensing metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and modified mixed metal oxides have attracted great attention owing to their key roles in monitoring environmental pollution, security in hospitals, homes, and public places, and hazardous emissions from industries and automobile exhaust. Initially, the mechanochemical (MCh) method was employed for the synthesis of the CuMnO3 catalyst and then the modification of CuMnO3 through the hydrothermal route. These synthesized catalysts were characterized by Ultraviolet Violet-Diffused Reflectance (UV-DRS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The average particle size obtained for 3 % Fe/CuMnO3 was found to be 14–28 nm. The present work proclaimed that among all the synthesized 1,3,5 % Fe/CuMnO3 materials, the 3 % Fe modified CuMnO3 material shows significant gas sensing properties towards highly toxic H2S gas released from sewage plants, oil, and natural gas industries, among NH3, CO2, H2S, H2, CO2 and Cl2 with moderate temperature requirements and excellent selectivity.

Shilpa sangle

Character education is an effort to foster and shape student character according to school culture. The research objective was to describe the process of cultivating character in students through school intracurricular and extracurricular activities. The research method with qualitative, data collection with interview, observation, and documentation. The results showed (1) character planting through intracurricular activities with (a) strengthening learning, namely character building in accordance with the theme or material, and (b) spiritual paradigm by inserting Islamic values ??in the learning process. (2) character planting through extracurricular activities with (a) scouts, namely forming leadership characters, being independent, solving problems, and loving nature, (b) leadership, forming leadership characters, responsibility, and making decisions, (c) painting, forming detailed, focused, creative characters , (d) martial art, forming tough, skilled characters, (e) reciting recitation, forming religious, moral, orderly characters, (f) child preachers, forming brave characters, positive thinking, art of communication, influencing others. Pendidikan karakter merupakan upaya membina dan membentuk karakter siswa sesuai dengan budaya sekolah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan proses penanaman karakter siswa melalui kegiatan intrakurikuler dan ekstrakurikuler di sekolah. Metode penelitian dengan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Penanaman karakter melalui kegiatan intrakurikuler dengan cara (a) Penguatan pembelajaran yaitu pembentukan karakter yang sesuai dengan tema atau materi, dan (b) paradigma spriritual dengan menyisipkan nilai keislaman dalam proses pembelajaran. (2) Penanaman karakter melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, (a) Pramuka yaitu membentuk karakter kepemimpinan, mandiri, memecahkan masalah, dan cinta alam, (b) Kepemimpinan, membentuk karakter kepemimpinan, tanggung jawab, dan membuat keputusan, (c) Melukis, membentuk karakter detail, fokus, kreatif, (d) Pencak silat, membentuk karakter tangguh, terampil, (e) Mengaji, membentuk karakter religious, akhlak, tertib, (f) Pendakwah cilik, membentuk karakter berani, berfikir positif, seni komunikasi, mempengaruhi orang lain.

Educare: journal of primary education

Background Worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently discovered tumor in women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a helpful screening method that gives women more control over their bodies by educating them about the structures of their breasts and assisting in the early detection of any developing breast abnormalities. The purpose of this research was to assess Palestinian girls' degree of BSE awareness and practice. Method A self-administered questionnaire was used to gauge participants' knowledge about BC and associated topics. Through an online survey, all girls above the age of 20 are encouraged to take part in the study. Female university students at academic levels I, II, III, and IV in Palestine were also invited to participate in the study by way of an online survey. Results The study included 467 female participants, with 69% of the individuals being single. The majority of females (68.7%) scored poorly on knowledge of BC disease (possible risk, methods of detection, methods of diagnosis, methods of treatment, signs and symptoms, information about mammography, and other knowledge questions), whereas only 31.7% scored well. Conclusion BC, which is thought to be the most common malignant development among them and the second leading cause of cancer mortality, is one of the issues that women in the West Bank face. Screening methods are crucial for the early detection of BC and for lowering disease-related morbidity and mortality. It has been advised that starting at age 20, every woman should take the BSE.

Mohamad banat

People management is a very significant facet for organizations to keep up with competition. At the sme level, talent management is not a smple human resource terminology that one comes across. The concept of talent management requires the human resource to hire, manage, develop, and retain a productive workforce. Indeed, companies that employ talent management stay competitive through systematic and consistent decisions about worker development. The study outlines the proposal’s hypothesis or questions, literary analysis relevant to the topic, theoretical frameworks, and advantages and disadvantages of the applicable frameworks.

Zamzam abdelazim

The study, “The beginnings of the organization of the Kosovo Liberation Army in the Lap Operational Subzone December 1995 – June 1998,” as its object of study has the period of the Kosovo Liberation War in the years 1998-1999. This study touches upon the historical dimension of the efforts and sacrifices of Albanians found in the Serbian-Yugoslav area against their will.This study’s main topic is the beginnings of the organization in the Lap Operational Subzone (LOSz) as a significant part of the KLA. The study has undergone a scientific analysis based on sources of all kinds. The analysis included LOSz’s position in the KLA structure: the mission and duties during the liberation war, the governing bodies at the beginning of the LOSz organization and their functional organization, as well as the battles and downfalls of the freedom fighters. Historical literature, feuilletons, scientific papers, as well as interviews with famous personalities, were used to shed more light on the organization and the war in LOSz. This topic covers an essential segment of the Kosovo Liberation War period 1998-1999 And contributes towards the complete enlightenment of this historical period, especially in this region. Therefore, hopefully, this study will build interest and create perspectives for new studies of this nature.

Anglisticum

Technology and Isolation in the Information Period explores the social, political, and legal implications of the group and use of personal information in computer databases. In the Information Period, our lives are documented in digital case books maintained by hundreds (perhaps thousands) of businesses and government agencies. These case books are composed of bits of our personal information, which when assembled together begin to paint a portrait of our personalities. Technology has changed our working practices and now allows us to be connected 24/7. We have the power to Skype clients around the world and email or Tweet work colleagues at weekends, but is there a danger that having connectivity so readily available hinders our efforts to gain a better work/life balance? We often read articles about the correct way to manage technology and how to achieve a happy balance of relaxing away from work and being ‘Always On’ and ‘Always available’. For instance, many people choose a job that allows them to detach from the workplace on evenings and weekends, yet technology makes it difficult for others to switch off. Now, we are huge believers in the ability to use the internet, email, Facebook, Twitter, texting and to pick up the phone and talk to people, but because of technology more people are becoming distracted and losing focus. They can’t escape from the workplace and feel that the office follows them around via their Smartphone which demands attention 24/7. It wasn’t so long ago that when we took a holiday, we would plan ahead, make sure everything was order, inform clients of our absence and brief our teams so we could disappear off to distant shores and happily sit in the sun for a relaxing fortnight, avoiding drinking the local water, eating strange local delicacies and fending of mosquitoes. But I digress … Having technology at hand means that we still have an element of control at our workplace and the ability to deal with issues if they occur. The downside to this is managing that work/life balance again. On one hand the internet is a lifeline, but it can also become a ball and chain if we don’t take the time to unplug from it. Technology allows us to be in two places at once, but when employees struggle to find the right balance between their work and personal lives there is a chance that stress levels can increase leading to a potential loss of productivity and happiness in general. In a recent survey 70% of workers said that technology brings the stress of work into their personal lives. Many Researchers have recommended drawing a line between work communications and home. This not only benefits your well being, but benefits your employer too, as you will be coming back to work refreshed and recharged.

Sunita singh

There is an upsurge in gestational diabetes mellitus with many devastating consequences for the mother and developing fetus. Insulin therapy remains a mainstay. However, insulin is expensive and comes with the pain of multiple injections. Therefore, there is a need to explore commonly administered oral hypoglycemic agents to cater for the increasing gestational diabetes mellitus-associated neurological complications. This study assesses the effects of glibenclamide, metformin and insulin on the pups’ prefrontal cortex in diabetic pregnant rats. 35 sexually matured adult female rats weighing between 120 g and 160 g were used and assigned into five groups (A to E) of seven rats each group. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg; ip). Hyperglycemic rats were treated with insulin (1.0 UI daily), metformin (200 mg/kg/day) and glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg/day). Body weight and blood glucose levels were evaluated. Rats were sacrificed at 18-day gestation, the pups were harvested, and their brains were processed for tissue oxidative stress markers and various histological examinations. Glibenclamide and metformin caused a significant blood glucose reduction at 37.9% and 40.7%, respectively, compared to the insulin group (33.09%). There was no significant difference in the body-organ ratio in rats treated with metformin when compared to rats treated with insulin. Metformin and glibenclamide had a significant increase in tissue glutathione reductase and a decrease in malondialdehyde compared with insulin and diabetic control groups. The pups’ prefrontal cortex showed degenerated neuronal cells in the diabetic control animals. The diabetic rats treated with metformin and glibenclamide showed improved pyramidal neurons compared with diabetic and insulin groups. This study suggests that metformin and glibenclamide glycemic control may prevent and improve antioxidant enzymes and reverse some neurotoxic effects caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The concept of inherited memories, where experiences from one generation can influence the traits and behaviors of subsequent generations, has long captivated scientific curiosity. Recent advancements in epigenetics have provided compelling evidence for the potential mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. This focused brief review article outlines the current state of knowledge on inherited memories, examining the transgenerational effects observed in animal models, the epigenetic mechanisms involved, and the environmental influences that shape these heritable traits. Additionally, Highlights about emerging areas of inquiry were explored, including the cross-generational transmission of social behaviors, the evolutionary implications of inherited memories, and the ethical considerations surrounding research in humans. Thus, a unique perspective could be deduced from this rapidly evolving field and accordingly, further research could be stimulated into the implication of inherited memories.

Mostafa eissa

This is a study on the growth of public relations in Malaysia based on the advertisements placed in the newspapers during the colonial period. Tracing the historical development serves to make a better understanding about the nature of public relations practice. This paper therefore aims at exploring the development of the public relations profession by studying the advertisements placed in the nationwide newspapers, the Straits Times and the Singapore Free Press & Mercantile Advertiser from 1939 which included the early advertisement that contained the phrase “public relations” to 1956 a year before the independence of the Federation of Malaysia. An analysis of the advertisements was made to fully understand the historical development of public relations in Malaya or then Malaysia. The very first advertisement that was identified was on 31 January 1948, which was placed by the Department of Public Relations of the federal government. The British colonial government had placed another four advertisements in 1949 and 1950. A British mining Co. was the first corporation to hire an information & public relations officer in 1956. The results showed some differences and similarities through the analyses of advertisements in the job specification, which included qualification, duties, and salaries. The results revealed that those who had higher education and experience obtained a higher salary. The results also showed that some advertisers companies/ organizations had substituted academic qualifications for working experience) when advertising for their public relations personnel.

Mohammed fadel arandas

COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China a few months ago (December 2019) and had since become a major challenging public health problem for not only China but also many countries around the world. It was on March 11, 2020, characterized by WHO as a pandemic. The pandemic so far has killed more than 526,465 people and infected more than 11,046,917 people around the world as of 05 July 2020. Nigeria currently has 28,167 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 11,462 (40%) discharged, 16,071 (57%) currently receiving treatment at designated facilities across the country and unfortunately 634 (3%) deaths as at the time of writing this manuscript. As far as the authors are aware, there are little or no work carried out on the implications of COVID-19 on dental practices in Nigeria. Recently, COVID-19 was identified in saliva of infected patients and so transmission via aerosols and splatter generated during dental procedures is sure. To limit exposure, there was a need to avoid scheduling patients except for emergency dental care during this outbreak. This limitation on activities of the dental sector has a very huge impact on the economy of the sector as it has already resulted in serious monetary implications for dental practices worldwide. While dental practices in the high-income countries are getting help from their respective Government, those in the middle and low-income countries like Nigeria have been left to wallow in bankruptcy without support. The authors highly recommend that the Government of these neglected countries, step up and support dental practices that are on the brink of closing down due to the low turnout of patients to their practice during this outbreak.

Hope inegbenosun

Background: COVID-19-positive patients are at increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes, with type 2 diabetes cohorts at substantially higher risk compared to the general population. The additional role of diabetic and non-diabetic polypharmacy in these patients' clinical course has remained unexamined. In this study we have comprehensively examined the role of polypharmacy in the determination of mortality outcomes in patients with COVID-19 clinical syndrome. Methods: We retrospectively examined case notes and electronic records of N = 497 patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 infection. We ascertained the number of medications each patient was taking and used this to categorize the study cohort into diabetic [n = 246] (5 or more diabetic medications), and non-diabetic polypharmacy [n = 251] (5 or more non-diabetic medications). The primary outcome was the need for intensive care admission between the two groups. Results: In patients with “non-diabetic polypharmacy” (>5 medications), advancing age, and higher HBA1c levels, were associated with increased risk of Intensive care admission (OR 1.06 [CI 1.03-1.07], P = <0001), (OR 1.01 [CI 1.01- 1.20], P 0.017), respectively. Patients taking 5 or more non-diabetic medications had an increased likelihood of admission into the intensive care unit compared to those on lower medication thresholds (OR = 1.7; CI = 1.1 to 1.3; p-value = <0.0006). Conclusion: In an inpatient cohort of type 2 diabetic patients with COVID-19, non-diabetic polypharmacy was associated with a multiplicative risk of intensive care admissions. This will necessitate the need for periodic medication reviews in these cohorts of patients to mitigate these potential risks and improve clinical outcomes.

Karishma

Poor water quality and lack of access to improved sanitation continue to pose a significant threat to human health. The burden of disease analysis suggests that lack of access to safe water supply, sanitation and hygiene is the third most significant risk factor for poor health in developing countries with high mortality rates. Diarrhoea is the leading disease associated with unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene and is responsible for the deaths. The study observed that out of the 150 respondents, 37% are 31-40 years, followed by 20-30 years with 32%. 130 (86.7%) respondents have got married, and 61% of the respondents are female. 85% adopted the nuclear family system, and 50% of respondents are illiterates in the study areas. 85% of respondents are daily wage earners, 37%are earnings rupees between 2000-2500 per month. 27% of respondents are landless labours, and 37% of households possess below 2 acres of land. 40% of respondents suffer from health problems, and 44% consume rice as their staple food. 62% of respondents have debts, and 33% got from money lenders. 62% of respondents do not have toilet facilities and go open defecation. 92% of respondents stated that toilet makes dignity, saves time and energy, saves their children school days, makes adolescent girls privacy, save wage loss, and toilet makes quality life.

B suresh lal

Natural products have played an essential role in treating human diseases for thousands of years. According to WHO, 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicines to cure and prevent ailments. Numerous plants have been reported to have antitussive activity. Our present study aimed to evaluate the antitussive effect of aerial parts of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Caesalpiniaceae) at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses in healthy albino rats. Caesalpinia pulcherrima is an ornamental plant, usually 3.7-4.3 m in height, known as Peacock flower and is used traditionally to treat cough, bronchitis and asthma. Cough significantly affects human health and is the most common reason to visit physicians. Cough may be produced due to disease, allergens, pollutants and respiratory infections. Any mechanical or inflammatory change provokes the afferent or sensory nerves in the larynx and tracheobronchial, resulting in a cough. In this study, cough was induced by using the sulphur dioxide induction method. Animals were divided into four groups of 7 animals each, and all the drugs were administered orally. Group I was a control group, while group II was a standard taking Prospane. The extract showed highly significant results at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses compared to the control. So, it proves and supports the traditional use of Caesalpinia pulcherrima to relieve cough.

Dr. salman ahmed

Stroke and its associated disabilities are a growing public health challenge in many developing countries where a combination of poor awareness and poor medical care is driving up mortality rates. The rising cases are attributed to the rising prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension, obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, and diabetes mellitus within the population. The prevention of stroke through awareness, knowledge, and lifestyle modification is a common approach used in public health intervention programs. Awareness and knowledge of stroke vary widely between communities partly because of access to relevant health information. This study assessed awareness, knowledge of stroke risk factors, and attitude toward stroke prevention. This study was a community-based survey among adults ≥40 years old in semi-urban communities of two local government area councils of Benue State, North Central Nigeria. The sixteen-item questionnaire used in this study is subdivided into socio-demographic information, knowledge of risk factors, symptoms of stroke, current morbidity, and attitude toward stroke prevention. The survey was done using two adults per household selected using simple random method and completed questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. The Chi-square test was used to determine the association between demographic variables and knowledge of stroke. The result showed poor levels of stroke awareness (47.3%), knowledge (44.6%), symptoms (44.6%), risk factors (20.6%), and symptoms (44.6%). Awareness of stroke and its risk factors is significantly association with age, gender, marital status, educational status, occupation, and income. Many respondents had poor knowledge of stroke and its risk factors. There is a need for improvement in stroke awareness in underserved communities, particularly those with limited access to mass media.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Crude methanol extracts of the leaves of Adenanthera pavonina L., Peltoforum roxburghii L, Prosopis cineraria L., and Prosopis juliflora DC., were evaluated for anti-emetic activity. Emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulphate 50mg/kg body weight to male chicks of four days age. The anti-emetic activity was determined by calculating the mean decrease in number of retching in contrast with those of control. All extracts (150 mg / kg body weight orally) showed anti-emetic activity when compared with standard drug Chlorpromazine at the same dose. Among all the extracts, Prosopis juliflora showed the highest (73.64%) and Adenanthera pavonina showed the lowest (50.17%) anti-emetic activity

Dr. salman ahmed