This study investigated the level of environmental citizenship development through curriculum development planning among primary school pupils in Rivers State. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive survey design was used. The population for the study was the 15,611 teachers in the 962 public primary schools in Rivers State. A stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 1,600 teachers which represents 10.2% of the population. A researchers’ designed questionnaire titled "Curriculum Development Planning in Environmental Education Questionnaire" was the instrument used for the study. The instruments were validated by three experts. Reliability coefficients of 0.88 (Curriculum Provision), 0.73 (Environmental Education Projects), and 0.79 (Challenges) were derived using Cronbach alpha. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using the z-test. Findings revealed that the extent to which environmental education projects were utilized to develop environmental citizenship in pupils is low. The challenges militating against the teaching of environmental education are lack of commitment from the school management, lack of time in the lesson timetable to integrate environmental education contents in other subject areas, and teachers' inadequate knowledge of environmental education integration techniques. It was recommended amongst others that the Nigerian Education Research and Development Council should design age-appropriate curriculum contents/topics that can be integrated into various subjects.

Fxintegrity publishing

This study aimed at the evaluation of the quality attributes and sensory properties of noodles produced from composite blends of acha, adu, mungbean and moringa oleifera seed. Composite flours of acha, adu, mungbean and moringa oleifera seed were formulated by total replacement of wheat with acha, adu, mungbean and moringa oleifera seed at different graded ratios (B= (55:35:5:5), C= (55:30:10:5, D= (50:30:15:5), E= (50:25:20:5), F= (45:25:25:5) while 100% wheat flour was used as the control (sample A)). The composite flours were used to produce noodles and the noodles subjected to proximate analysis and sensory properties evaluation. Proximate analysis revealed that the noodles contained moisture content of 10.22-13.90%, 2.32-4.48% ash, 10.13-17.90% protein, 1.50-5.71% lipid, 0.48-3.68% crude fibre, 54.33-75.35% carbohydrate and 340.31-355.42Kcal/100 g energy. There was an increase in the moisture, ash, protein, lipid and crude fibre contents with a decrease in carbohydrate and energy contents as the amount of mungbean flour increases. Sensory evaluation scores showed that noodles made with 0% wheat, 55% acha, 35% adu, 5% mungbean and 5% moringa oleifera seed can favourably compare with the control. It is recommended that the beany flavour of mung beans be removed before its addition in the composite blend in order to produce noodles that can be highly accepted.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

Background: This study was conducted to determine the level of the public knowledge, attitudes and practices related to common eye diseases in the southern Indian population. Methods: A cross sectional population-based survey used a semi structured questionnaire on awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices related to eye diseases. Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used with a sample size of 867 adults >16 years based on, estimated awareness of cataract 70%, assuming an expected rate of 85%, design effect of 1.5, margin of error 4% with 95% confidence interval with 25% from urban areas and 75% from rural areas. A pilot study was conducted to validate the questions used in the main study. SPSS (version 19) used for analysis. Results: A total of 782/867 (90.1%) subjects participated in the survey, with females 47.4%. Awareness of major eye diseases for cataract 81.5%, glaucoma 47.8%, refractive error 74.3%, squint 89.0%, diabetic retinopathy 65.0% and age-related macular degeneration 36.7% respectively. 41.8% subjects reported wearing glasses either for distance, near or for both. Of the 777 subjects only 294 people underwent an eye examination by an ophthalmologist in the last two years (37.8%). 57.5% subjects had knowledge of the nearest eye care facility within five kilometers of their residence. Electronic media were the major source of information on eye health. Conclusions: Though the awareness levels of common eye diseases were quite high, the knowledge of cataract (10.4%) was poor. There is a need to increase the level of awareness for eye diseases like glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.

Srinivasa reddy pallerla

To satisfy user expectations and resource needs, academic libraries are realizing more and more how important it is to integrate innovative technologies. Effective use of technology is essential to educational libraries' success. A thorough analysis finds new trends that university libraries are using to satisfy present demands. In the twenty-first century, libraries are becoming dynamic establishments that meet the changing demands of society. These consist of data literacy, digitization, and the incorporation of augmented and virtual reality technologies. Additionally, libraries are becoming community hubs for educational programs like seminars and lectures. Libraries are helping people navigate the immense ocean of information, and data literacy along with knowledge skills is essential. Services driven by AI are improving client experiences and expediting procedures. With libraries implementing eco-friendly architectural designs & community engagement tactics, sustainability projects are becoming more and more well-known. Libraries are responding to these shifts by creating creative solutions, including collaborations, environmental initiatives, and AI integration, all while overcoming financial limitations. To remain relevant, they are adopting cutting-edge strategies like AI-powered services, collaborations, sustainability, virtual and alternative reality technologies, open data initiatives, maker spaces, & creative labs. Libraries are implementing cutting-edge solutions to address a variety of community needs and encourage lifelong learning, despite obstacles such as limited financing, evolving librarian roles, privacy and security concerns, and adjusting to changing societal standards.

Dr. awadhesh singh gautam

WhatsApp is mobile application which allows exchange of messages, videos, audio’s and images via Smartphone. The increased use of IM on phones has turned to be goldmine for mobile and computer age. This paper focuses on understanding experimental viewpoint about the intensity, usage of whatsapp messenger and its impact on the academic performance of students in institutions. Instead of fast communication and enhancing effective flow of information and idea sharing among students, whatsapp has actually impacted in some pessimistic performance of students. For instance it takes up much of the students study time resulting in procrastination related issues , destroys students’ linguistic skills, leads to lack of concentration during lectures, results in difficulty in balancing online activities (whatsapp) and intellectual preparation and distracts learner from completing their assignments and adhering to their private studies time table. It is very userfriendly and easy to get initiated. Simply enter the telephone number of the device into the app. It then sorts through the contacts (with your permission) on the phone to figure out who else also has the app already installed. Users can then invite more contacts or go ahead and start sending messages to the ones that the app discovered. Brian Acton and Jan Koum (2009) invented Whatsapp messenger for easy and fast communication and distribution of multimedia messaging. Whatsapp is one of the trend and fashion in technology that is commonly used on specific mobile phones and computers. Since the Smartphones became popular, many messaging services were launched but Whatsapp has become widespread among them. The service is available free for one year and later user has to pay very less annual amount. Besides all, this Application is highly fanatic and can create a great impact on regular users, and apart from that it can leave a trace that becomes difficult to control and cure. With whatsapp messenger, communication through mobile phones has become easier, faster and cheaper. It is less expensive as compared to the normal phone messaging. An individual can chat with friends and family overseas through whatsapp without having to incur global SMS charges.

Sunita singh

Personnel Department is the predominant component of HRD unit of North Eastern Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NEKRTC), though HRD has been identified and designated as a separate Department. Basically the existing Personnel Department is qualified to be called HR Department OR even a better name would be Human Resources Management Department, since it would correctly reflect the comprehensive and all inclusive nature of the functions of the existing Personnel Department, which covers all features of Human Resources Management, namely Forecast of requirement of Human Resources, Planning for Recruitment, In-service care Co-ordination, Control and Regulation as also Retirement and all matters related to Personnel Administration. It should be its function to plan for training appropriately along with recruitment of personnel from all the Departments. The present Human Resource Development. Is ill-equipped and does not have the comprehension of concept and perception of HRD.

Dr.kailaspathi vishwakarma

Background: Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) antibodies may be considered as biomarkers of typhoid fever, a severe febrile systemic illness caused by an invasive Gram-negative Bacterium S. typhi. Worldwide, about 21-26.9 million cases of typhoid fever and 200 000-215 000 deaths, occur annually. Between 2003 and 2005, statistics have shown a rising trend in the incidence of typhoid fever in Abia and Enugu States. The aim of the study was to determine the sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies in some rural communities of Abia and Enugu States as proxy indicators of prevalence typhoid fever (TF) in the two states. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies in ten rural communities of Umunneochi Local Government Area (LGA) of Abia State and Ezeagu LGA of Enugu State using 421 (200 in Abia and 221 in Enugu) blood samples for the Widal test to determine the titres of these antibodies. Results: In the Abia communities the mean sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies was 68.2%, while in Enugu it was 87.1%. Between the two states, difference in the sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies was significant (p=0.03). Conclusions: The sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies was higher (87.1%) in the Enugu communities, compared to the Abia communities (68.2%). To reduce the incidence and prevalence of TF in the communities, access to safe domestic water, improved sanitation and good food hygiene needs to be improved. Health-seeking behaviour also needs improvement.

Emmanuel umegbolu

Strain improvement studies were conducted for the production of L-asparaginase from a marine fungus Beauveriabassiana SS18/14 by employing physical and chemical mutagens, in a systemic manner to obtain mutants that have higher L-asparaginase production. The wild strain produced 6.32 IU/mL of L-asparaginase activity while the UV mutant UVF-4 yielded 8.34 IU/mL and nitrous acid mutant UVF4-N-2 exhibited 10.44 IU/mL enzyme activity. The overall strain improvement programme increased L-asparaginase activity 1.65 times with respect to the parent wild strain

Dr.p.v.kamala kumari

The main purpose of the research is to develop modern tools for insurance management in the global economic crisis, to make an objective assessment based on a critical analysis of existing ones, to identify situations that could lead to international economic, social and natural threats. It is made some recommendations for the development of insurance calculations for the republic of Uzbekistan. Methods: Methods for reforming modern calculation of insurance tariff are recommended by means of theories of probabilities, statistical and mathematical analysis, and foreign advanced countries practical types of summarizing. Findings: While making an analysis, it has found that modern tools for the insurance management of Uzbekistan are needed. We proved this by the results of the modern calculation of insurance in tables (1-6). For the development of the insurance market of Uzbekistan, it should be analyzed by means of penetration and density of insurance premiums, making the deepest calculation of risks of the economy of Uzbekistan, and using the main principals and formulas of the theory of probability. Conclusions: In the end, we can take some results, and give some recommendations such as using the tools of theories of probabilities can help us find the main risks of economy, its powers of influences of the market economy, statistical and mathematical analysis also add some practical, objective results for making under control of any types of insurance risks.

Ikboljon odashev mashrabjonovich

Clinical microbiology serves as a partner to clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Antibiotics are prescribed empirically before the availability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing data, especially when the patient's medical status could deteriorate by suspending the treatment. To investigate the impact of antimicrobial susceptibility testing on the management of outpatients with suspected bacterial infection in Libyan patients, a cross-sectional prospective study concluded on microbial microdroplet culture by including outpatients with suspected bacterial infection, who have done antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Thus, 53 Libyan patients with urinary tract infections and 14 Libyan patients with skin infections were included in this study. Before the availability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing data, 25 patients were appropriately treated while 42 patients were inappropriately treated. After the availability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing data, the number of appropriately treated patients increased to 57 patients. Thus, antimicrobial susceptibility testing improved the management of 41 patients by discontinuing an unnecessary antibiotic in four patients, starting necessary antibiotic therapy in 18 patients, and changing to more appropriate antibiotic in 19 patients. However, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing has no impact on the management of 24 patients and has led to the worsening of the management of two patients. The effect of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of antibiotic de-escalation was assessed in 35 patients; however, antibiotic de-escalation occurred in six patients. Thus, data of antimicrobial susceptibility testing has improved the management of Libyan outpatients with bacterial infection but their role in antibiotic de-escalation was slight

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) and Polysora rust diseases are taking heavy shiver in all maize growing regions of Karnataka. Several new fungicides are used to control the diseases, among them strobilurin group fungicides in combination with triazolefungicides are found effective in management of diseases. A mixture of Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC and mixture of Azoxystrobin 25 SC + Difenoconazole 25 EC were used in this study to manage the TLB and Polysora rust. The two combination fungicides were evaluated in different days against TLB and Polysora rust on two susceptible varieties namely 219J and CM 202. Results revealed that mixture of Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.7 g/lit and mixture of Azoxystrobin 25 SC + Difenoconazole 25 EC @ 2.5 ml/litwere found effective in the management of TLB (15.0 % and 11.0 % respectively) and mixture of Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.7 g/lit were found effective in controlling Polysora rust (13.2 %). Allied to yield, more significant increase in yield was recorded in treatment Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.7 g/lit (5131.1kgs/ha). While, mixtures of Azoxystrobin 25 SC + Difenoconazole 25 EC @ 2.5 ml/lit recorded yield of 5913.0 kgs/ha, this was significantly superior with respect to disease control and yield aspects.

Veerabhadraswamy al

Effective project management requires an understanding of how stakeholders are impacted by project failure. It draws attention to the effects on those involve finances, reputations, and emotions, assisting organizations in risk avoidance and fostering stakeholder satisfaction, trust, and long-term success. The purpose of this study is to provide proactive risk management, stakeholder involvement, and project result strategies. In order to compile this study, we have used a number literature reviews ranging from 2004 to 2023. The study's findings show that project failure results in significant financial losses, harms reputation, has legal ramifications, affects employee wellbeing, stifles relationships with stakeholders, stifles innovation, and endangers communities and the environment. By Adopting proactive risk management, strong governance, open communication, employee support, stakeholder involvement, strategic resource allocation, and social and environmental responsibility to reduce these negative effects and achieve sustainable project outcomes. The policymakers, practitioners and academia should focus risk factors those are associated with the project failure and hance manage a good harmony among the stakeholders.

Nazim ullah

Urolithiasis is a common worldwide problem with high recurrence. This review covers Euphorbiaceae twenty (20), Cucurbitaceae eighteen (18), Acanthaceae and Amaranthaceae fifteen (15), Cupressaceae twelve (12), Caryophyllaceae eleven (11), Anacardiaceae ten (10), Amaryllidaceae, Apocynaceae and Asparagaceae nine (09), Ericaceae and Equisetaceae eight (08), Arecaceae and Caesalpiniaceae seven (07), Chenopodiaceae six (06), Aspleniaceae, Capparidaceae and Crassulaceae five (05) plants used globally in different countries. Hopefully, this review will not only be useful for the general public but also attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Service quality in the hospitality industry becomes one of the most important factors for gaining a sustainable competitive advantage and customers’ confidence in the highly competitive marketplace, and therefore service quality can give the hospitality industry a great chance to create competitive differentiation for organisations. It is thus considered as a significant core concept and a critical success factor in the hospitality industry. A successful hotel delivers excellent quality service to customers, and service quality is considered the life of hotel. Many benefits can be achieved by service quality such as establishing customer satisfaction, contributing to business image, establishing customer loyalty, and providing a competitive advantage to a business. Service quality performance can mean different to different people, for example, employees may show higher perceptions of service quality than customers perceived, and thus managers and their employees never like to identify deficiencies in service quality

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

Gender discrimination in the athletics industry has long been a controversial topic- even the founder of the modern Olympics, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, said in 1896, “No matter how toughened a sportswoman may be, her organism is not cut out to sustain certain shocks.” Since then, gender equality in sports has come a long way, including UNESCO recognizing sports and physical activity as a human right in 1978. Despite the obstacles women face in athletics, many women have led and are leading the way to gender equity. This paper profiles women athletes and administrators who have paved the way, and offers "Strategies for Change" that women and girl athletes, coaches, administrators, and parents can take to make school and college athletics more equitable. Participation in sports benefits women just as it does men, helping to develop leadership skills, boosting self-esteem and grades, and promoting physical fitness and health. Women and girls who participate in sports and fitness programs are healthier and more academically successful. Unsurprisingly, sports, which house the careers of the most passionate and the aspiring, are also a major concern when it comes to the issue of gender discrimination. Male dominance in sports has become a nightmare for female athletes, who in the hope of pursuing their careers in the field of sports, have been deprived of self-esteem among a plethora of gender discrimination instances. This in turn can lead to increased violence against women by these male athletes. We need to create a climate in which sports and fitness are for everyone, not just a few, and in which everyone's abilities are tested and respected.

Yatendra sharma

Financial Inclusion is emerging as a new paradigm of economic growth that plays major role in driving away the poverty from the country. It refers to delivery of banking services to masses including privileged and disadvantaged people at an affordable terms and conditions. Financial inclusion is important priority of the country in terms of economic growth and advances of society. It enables to reduce the gap between rich and poor population. In the current scenario financial institutions are the robust pillars of progress, economic growth and development of the economy. When and where all citizens are participated in financial system, the economy and system will become very strong. In this regard the research article was focuses on customer perceptions towards inclusive banking practices.

Dr tatayya bommali

Aim: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the chloroform extract of the selected Glinus lotodies linn plant by using Paracetamol induced hepatic injury in albino rats. Methods: The chloroform extract of Glinus lotodies linn was allowed for screening hepatoprotective activity on Paracetamol induced Albino rats and they were compared with standard and negative control. Results: The drug treatment Chloroform Extract of Glinus lotodies linn [CEGL] was carried out at two low dose levels 200mg and 400mg/ kg, both of which along the standard Silymarin 100mg/kg treated group showed a significant reduction in the elevated enzyme levels (P < 0.01). Liver section shows normal cells compared to control. Conclusion: These data suggests a dose dependent hepatoprotective activity of CEGL. At the end of this study, a strong conclusion can be drawn that the Chloroform Extract of Glinus lotoides linn possess hepatoprotective activities induced by Paracetamol in Albino rats.

Sudha rameshwari.k assistant professor

Background: Cancer is burden for almost all societies in the world. It is estimated that approximately 20 million persons are suffering with cancer and every year 10 million die due to cancer. Methods: A descriptive and comparative survey from January 2024 to June 2024 with a quantitative research approach was used. The non-probability convenient sampling technique was used, and 60 nurses (30 each from Cancer Hospital; and General Hospital) had given consent for participation in the study. The tools used for data collection were personal profile, structured knowledge questionnaire, modified Likert-type attitude scale, and opinionnaire for utility of SIM. Results: The study found that 83.35% of General Hospital and Cancer Hospital nurses had strong knowledge, while 10% and 6.66% had low knowledge. All nurses from both institutions have mildly positive to extremely positive thoughts about how oral cancer affects oral hygiene and nutrition. Mean knowledge scores of nurses from General and Cancer hospitals were 14.73 and 16.33, and mean attitude scores were 149.80 and 150.20. Cancer hospital nurses' expertise and attitude correlated significantly. The results show that 86.67% of nurses believe SIM is a valuable source of information and content to assist them better manage oral cancer patients' oral hygiene and nutrition. Conclusions: The study found that cancer hospital nurses had a higher mean knowledge score than general hospital nurses. Thus, knowledge and attitude are linked, and nurses with higher knowledge have a more positive attitude.

Dr k c yadav

The choice of the study design is a major determinant of scientific quality and clinical value of a research study. To select an appropriate study design is a perplex task for novice as well as veterans in research. AYUSH systems of medicines have evidence database showing the effectiveness in a wide range of clinical conditions, yet improving the quality of trials by well- designed studies is indispensable to demonstrate widespread utility on more scientific grounds. This article describes the structured classification of research designs done on the basis of a selective literature search concerning medical research. The study design and type that can best answer the particular research question at hand must be determined not only on a scientific basis, but also in view of the available resources, ethical issues and practical feasibility of study.

Dr deepthi gilla

Study DesignA multicenter retrospective study. ObjectivesTo determine the rate of Apex facet fusion in children with Early Onset Scoliosis treated surgically with the Active Apex Correction (APC) technique. MethodsSeventeen patients were treated with the APC technique as index surgery for Early Onset Scoliosis with more than 1 year of follow-up. A 3D CT scan was done to determine the facet fusion rate in the deformity’s apex controlled with posterior tethering. ResultsThe average follow-up time was 26.4 months (12-56), Average age at index surgery was 81.2 months (30-132), and average number of surgeries done 1.3. Apical vertebrae studied for facet fusion were the 3 vertebrae in the apex in each patient that were subjected to posterior tethering according to the APC technique. In total they were 86 apical vertebrae (172 Facets studied with 86 convex side, 86 concave side). Our observations showed that 29 facet joints were fused (16% of the total facets studied),15 were on the convex, 14 on the concave side (no statistically significant difference). Regarding the facet joint distance in the non-fused facets was 0.99 mm on the convex side and 1.08 mm on the concave side with no statistical significance difference. ConclusionAPC for Early Onset Scoliosis achieves apical growth modulation and control utilizing posterior tethering without inducing fusion. This study demonstrated that APC is an effective non-fusion technique through the low incidence of facet fusion levels at the Apex, limiting the crankshaft phenomena seen in cases with apex control through arthrodesis.

Mohamad banat