The coronaviruses are group of viruses containing about seven members that have genetic material of RNA. They are surrounded by the protein capsid and lipid-containing membrane which has spike protein as flower petals. This family of viruses can infect animals and birds as well as humans causing signs and symptoms of respiratory system. However, these depend on the immune system of the infected host. The COVID-19 pandemic is a major global health disaster and the greatest task have faced the world. The infecting agent of COVID-19 disease was identified on December 31st, 2019 by Chinese scientist in Wuhan City. It was named Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 or SARS-2). After that, health minister of China announced that this virus is a new Coronavirus and it is of very high contagious rate [1]. In spite of the existence of many infectious cases in Libya at the winter season, the National Center of Disease Control (NCDC) announced about the first case of coronavirus on March 24th, 2020. It was identified by using a RT-PCR technique for a patient who came from Saudi Arabia. The NCDC, which is the government corporation responsible for the COVID-19 in Libya, has a daily news report about COVID-19 situation, including numbers of new cases infected patients, healing cases and total deaths number all over the country

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

For given condition of (temperature and humidity) of suction air, the delivery air condition depends on the system parameters (depth, radius, length and air mass flow rate), thermo physical properties of the surrounding earth (thermal conductivity and specific thermal capacity) and earth surface environment (ambient temperature, ambient humidity and solar irradiance)[1,3].Sensitivity analysis of system performance is essential for understanding the relative importance of different parameters of design of a optimum system [2,5]. For the steady state periodic input air condition and the performance of the system can be measured in terms of heating potential during the winter period and cooling potential during the summer period. Sensitivity of the system performance parameters (heating potential in winter and cooling potential in summer) to the changes in system parameters or thermo physical properties of the surrounding earth has been analysed and the result is present is in this paper.

Dr h shaheen

A 28-year-old female presented with recurrent chronic abdominal pain. An abdominal ultrasound revealed cholelithiasis, characterized by two large stones and several smaller ones. Laboratory tests including liver function tests were within normal limits. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy revealed an enlarged dark black liver, with round margins suggestive of Dubin Johnson syndrome (Figure 1) , while the Gallbladder was distended with multiple calculi inside. Successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done with a liver biopsy. Histopathology of the gallbladder revealed chronic cholecystitis. A liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Dubin Johnson Syndrome. The follow-up was uneventful.

Karishma

Dr. G. Kamalakar, Pursuing Post-Doctoral Fellow ICSSR, Research Assistant, ICSSR Major Research Project, Department of History, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University. with a Ph.D in Political Science. He is awarded Doctorate by the Osmania University, Hyderabad, for the thesis on “WTO and GATS: Implication for the Indian Higher Education”. He is the recipient of RGNF Fellowship from the UGC and Pre-Doctoral Fellowship from OUCIP. He worked as a guest faculty at City College, Hyderabad and as a Counselor at Ambedkar Open University. He has written 3 books and edited 4 books and also published research articles in 17 UGC care list Journals. He also reviewed 11 Books and published them in UGC care list journals and sage publications. He received 7 awards including Amazing Grace Award, Pride India Award, Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Excellency Award, International Research Excellence Award, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Life Time Achievement National Award, National best Teacher Award and Vidya Bharati Award. He presented research papers in more than 24 International, National Conferences and seminars. He has published thematic research papers in 13 National and 30 International Level Peer Reviewed / Refereed Research Journals He is also the Assistant Editor to an International journal and a Member of Editorial board & Reviewer for National and International journals published from 20 countries like USA, Turkey, Syria, UK, Pakistan, China etc. and has membership in 4 various associations.

Dr gedam kamalakar

Standardization of crude drugs is a code of conduct and an essential need of the time. Substitution and adulteration now become a widespread practice, which makes the global crude drug market unsafe for crude drugs depending on the world population. Moreover, crude drug evaluation is not easy because numerous influential factors affect the bio-efficacy and reproducibility of therapeutic effects. The broad spectrum of standardization ensures the correct substance in the proper amount for desired therapeutic effects. It also provides all possible careful measures taken from collection and manufacturing to drug dispensing for clinical application. The authors have tried to cover precise tools for crude drug standardization in the present review.

Dr. salman ahmed

The maximum H. armigera and M. vitrata infestation was recorded in Pusa-992 (3.72% and 7.90%) and in D2 (1st week of July) sown crop with infestation of 4.54 and 13.08 per cent, respectively. Whereas, the infestation of pod fly, M. obtusa was maximum in Manak (2.72%) and 2.58 per cent pod infestation in D2 (1st week of July) sown crop. The infestation of pod borer complex was negatively associated with pod wall thickness (-0.909**, - 0.739*, -0.870*, -0.834*, -0.840*, -0.705* and -0.745*) and non-glandular type A (-0.730*, -0.945**, -0.768*, -0.766*, -0.923** and -0.728*) and (-0.751*, -0.759*, 0.766*, -0.852*, -0.802*, -0.895** and -0.832*) glandular type B (-0.864*, -0.734*, -0.871* and -0.858*) and (-0.729*, -0.705*, -0.730* and -0.845*) density of pod trichomes of top and middle canopy of the plant. Fat (-0.884**, -0.754*, -0.743*, -0.871* and -0.750*) phenol (-0.900** and -0.806*) and tannin (-0.792*, -0.812* and -0.763*) content showed negative correlation with the pod infestation, whereas, crude protein (0.740*, 0.881**, 0.734*, 0.810*, 0.823*, 0.856*, 0.844* and 0.711*) and total soluble sugar (0.738*, 0.792*, 0.793*, 0.898**, 0.714*, 0.816*, 0.888** and 0.819*) showed positive association. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the variety Pusa-992 and Manak was most susceptible to the pod borers.

Dr. babu lal jat

Capsicum has been an essential part of the diet for centuries and has been widely used traditionally for ailments. The objective of the present analysis was to determine the diuretic and antidiarrheal potentials of four variations of Capsicum annum L. fruits available in the local market of Karachi, Pakistan. It belongs to the family Solanaceae, and extracts were prepared in 95% ethanol and given in 200 and 400mg/kg doses. The activity correlated with commonly used diuretics and anti-diarrheal, reinforcing its conventional use. To confirm its activity, fruit extracts were evaluated for anti-diarrheal properties in castor-oil-induced diarrhoea. The diuretic activity of the 95% ethanolic extracts of Capsicum annum L. was assessed based on diuresis of 24 hr. collected through a metabolic cage. Urinary excretion of water and electrolytes (Na+ and K+) is significantly increased by the standard diuretic drug furosemide, which is comparable with the extract. The anti-diarrheal effects of 95% ethanolic extracts of Capsicum annum L. were examined by castor oil-induced diarrhoea. All varieties of Capsicum annum L. significantly inhibited the number of defecations.

Dr. salman ahmed

Women, who constitute the largest group of farmers and who have conserved and improved ago-biodiversity, often have no property rights to land. They also tend to be bypassed by development schemes related to biodiversity. Women’s universities, home science colleges and other educational institutions catering to women’s needs rarely include biodiversity as a field of study. Women can ensure sustainable development and biodiversity conservation/enhancement. Structural obstacles to the advancement of indigenous women need to be addressed, by facilitating and redefining of gender roles and relations in the family and society. Increased involvement of women in decision making structures can contribute to biodiversity: If women are left out of the planning and implementation of local initiatives, valuable input is lost. As well, there tends to be very unequal participation among women and men in official biodiversity initiatives. Given educational biases, cultural obstacles and gender stereotypes, women often find it difficult to enter into relevant professional fields and gain specific expertise. The challenge sustainable agriculture is the safeguarding of agro-biodiversity by paying greater attention to diverse and integrated agricultural systems, especially those managed by women that provide food and livelihood security

Shobha rani

Wilsons disease is a rare inherited disorder which is characterized by impaired copper excretion which leads to excessive deposition of copper in many tissues and organs like brain, liver, and eye. This is also characterized by Kaiser-Fleischer ring, low serum ceruloplasmin levels and elevated urinary copper excretion [1]. A 26year male patient came to the neurology department with chief complaints of involuntary tremors of both hands and difficulty in walking in the last one month associated with swaying to one side in the last 20 days. On examination the patient is having Kaiser-Fleisher ring positive and upon further investigation Magnetic resonance imaging brain was performed which revealed the features in favor of Wilson’s disease. And for this condition the patient is treated with chelating agents and benzodiazepines. Key words: Wilson’s Disease, Kaiser- Fleisher ring, Chelating agents

Dr venkata rama rao nallani

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced respiratory support that is being adopted as salvage therapy in acute respiratory failure [1]. The widespread use of this technology came as a result of a large multicenter randomized UK study showing a survival benefit for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients transferred to an ECMO-capable specialist center [2]. Moreover, improvements in clinical management and advances in technology have gradually changed ECMO from a “rescue therapy of last resort” to a type of standardized therapy for severe impairment with clear indications and contraindications in many specialized centers around the globe, including for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Karishma

This proposed work is used to optimize the costs of exceptional elements of machine cells for a variety of components in changing environments to have reduced material movements in cell layout. The exceptional ele¬ments are eliminated in the optimization model by doing machine duplication and part subcontract. Then the shop floor layout is designed to have optimized material movements between cells and within a cell. The result of a linear programming optimization model is cost savings, machines duplicated, parts subcon¬tracted, inter intracellular movements. Finally, the output of the inbound facility design is the floor layout which has machine cell clusters with optimized floor areas. The optimization model is provided with budg¬etary constraints for duplication and the economic tradeoff between machine duplication and part subcontract. Cell layout is prepared to reveal the saving in floor area and material movement lengths than in process layout with the help of distance matrix and dimensions of cells.

S ramesh

Menstruation is a normal physiological impact on each girl’s life. Menstruation is monthly uterine bleeding for 3-5 days after every 28 days from puberty till menopause. A change in mood, behaviour, appearance of some abnormal vague symptoms is often noticed in the second half of the cycle. Symptoms are severe enough to disturb the life cycle of a woman called premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The study aimed to assess the premenstrual symptoms and coping strategies among adolescent girls. The majority of the students suffered from premenstrual syndrome. Objective: to assess the premenstrual symptoms and coping strategies among adolescent girls. Methodology: A nonexperimental descriptive research design was adopted in this study. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample size of 30 adolescent girls. The assessment of premenstrual symptoms and coping strategies was carried out using a self-reported Likert’s rating scale. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Majority (93.3%) of the samples sometimes had physiological and psychological problems, 90% of them had behavioural symptoms. Majority (43.3%) of the samples always followed coping strategies and 16.7% of the samples sometimes followed coping strategies and 40% never followed any coping strategies. Conclusion: PMS was common among students at 18-24 years. The most common physical symptoms experienced by adolescent girls were headache, backache and lower abdominal pain. Adolescent girls used coping strategies as taking hot / cold drinks, do not express anger to others, and turn to study and forget things, hearing music and taking medications. Keywords: Premenstrual Symptoms, physiological, psychological & behavioural symptoms, Coping Strategies, Adolescent Girls.

Elsi queen

Background Urban legends and myths are prevalent in drug-use environments. However, the distinction between myth and fact is not always clear. We found contradictory claims regarding the emergence of cold cook methods for producing methamphetamine when contrasting user-generated reports with official reports repudiating such methods as myths. Our aim is to open the topic for more academic discussion. Methods We examine cold cook methods of methamphetamine production revealed in our ethnographic study and interviews with former (n = 50) and current (n = 48) methamphetamine users. Data were collected in the suburbs of a large southeastern city in the United States. We compare the data with reports from law enforcement professionals and public health officials. Results Official reports claim the cold cook method described by users in our study is a myth and does not produce methamphetamine. Small-scale producers sell it as methamphetamine and users claim it has the same effect as methamphetamine. They are charged for possession and distribution of methamphetamine when caught with this drug. It appears the unintended consequences of recent policy aimed to reduce production and use of methamphetamine may be a user-friendly production method. We do not know the health implications at this time. Conclusion We do not make any definitive conclusions on the legitimacy of the stories or myths discussed here but instead suggest that labelling drug stories as myths might lead to dismissing facts that hold partial truth. The subsequent dismissal of cold cook methods among policy and public health officials risks a range of unintended consequences among vulnerable populations. We present our case for more research attention on the myths of methamphetamine production. Keywords: Cold Cook Methods, Cold Cook Methods step by step, Cold Cook Methods steps, Methamphetamine, Cold Cook Methods list

Kamal singh

Background: In addition to the recent civil war in Yemen, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a collapse of the health system, a decline in vaccination coverage, and the spread of numerous outbreaks. In 2022, a measles outbreak impacted Al Dali governorate. This study aimed to describe the demographics of measles patients, measles risk factors, and disease outcomes in Al Dali Governorate, Yemen. Methods: All measles-infected children who sought medical attention at Al Tadhamon Hospital in Al Dali, Yemen, between February and December 2022 were included in this prospective and observational study. Results: During the study period, 154 parents gave their consent to enroll their children in this study; 88 (57.1%) were males, and 66 (42.9%) were females. The mean age of the children was 3.56±2.90 (0.3–12 years). More than half of the mothers (n=88, [57.1%]) were illiterate or had a basic educational level, while most of the fathers (n=126, [81.8%]) were well-educated. Nutritional status was normal in most children (n=146, [94.8%]), and all children were unvaccinated. Most children (n=152, [98.7]) came from areas having measles and most of them (n=130, [84.4]) were in contact with measles cases. Health facilities were close (<3 km) to many children (n=151 [98.1]), and house ventilation was good in 66.2% (n=102) of cases while crowdedness was found in 135 (87.7) cases. Family members were 7 or more in 90 (58.4) cases. Two children under the age of 5 years died because of the disease. Conclusion: Our study showed that the main risk factor for the recent measles outbreak in Al Dali governorate was lack of vaccination, as all involved children were unvaccinated. Routine immunization needs to be reinforced through health centers in different districts and community education about the dangers of the disease and the benefits of the vaccines should be enhanced to prevent outbreaks from recurring.

Karishma

How great would it be if you never forgot anything or never lost the ability to think and be creative? And just imagine how much more great it would be if your brain can be reconstructed so that it can stay young forever and be used to create wonders even after your death? It would be a great leap in the field of science if the brains of great minds like Steve Jobs or Albert Einstein can be recreated. That is exactly what the blue brain does. The blue brain project is an attempt to reconstruct the brain piece by piece and building a virtual brain in a supercomputer. It began in 2005 with an agreement between the EPFL and IBM, which supplied the Blue Gene/L supercomputer acquired by EPFL to build the virtual brain. The computing power needed is considerable. Each simulated neuron requires the equivalent of a laptop computer. A model of the whole brain would have billions. Supercomputing technology is rapidly approaching a level where simulating the whole brain becomes a concrete possibility. The main aim is to update the brain into a computer. As a first step, the project succeeded in simulating a rat cortical column. Efforts are now being made to simulate the human brain. In five years of work, Henry Mark ram’s team has perfected a facility that can create realistic models of one of the brains essential building blocks. This process is entirely data driven and essentially automatically executed on the supercomputer. This modeling will expand to all the areas of the brain and if successful, shed light on the relationships between genetic, molecular and cognitive functions of the brain. These models will be basic building blocks for larger scale models leading towards a complete virtual brain.

Dr h shaheen

Background: Scabies is characterized by the presence of burrows, erythematous papules, and generalized pruritus which is usually worse at night. Recently an upsurge in the incidence of scabies has been reported in many settings, including the area of the study. The study aimed to determine if there is a nexus between scabies and climate change as a risk factor. Methods: This was a case-control study carried out in a Cottage Hospital. Case files of 18, 000 patients who attended the hospital between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed. The diagnosis was mainly clinical, i.e. based on the presence of itching in the typical scabies locations, presence of scabies burrows and history of similar itching in the other members of the patient’s household. 112 cases of scabies were diagnosed within this period. Results: From 2016 to 2019, the incidence of scabies rose from 3 to 50. Prevalence among males was 59.8%, and in females 40.2%, although the difference was not significant (p=0.0.53). Compared to other age groups, prevalence was highest in the 6-17 years age group (37.5%), but the difference among the age groups was also not significant (p=0.84). Conclusions: Within four years (2016-2019), the incidence of scabies had risen from 3 to 50 in the area of the study, being higher in males (59.8%) than females (40.2%), and in children less than 18 years (37.5%). Community survey, prompt diagnosis, adequate treatment and avoidance of overcrowding might help to stem the observed rising incidence of the disease.

Emmanuel umegbolu

The main focus of this study is the coverage of New Straits Times (NST) of the first Palestinian General Elections for two presidential candidates namely, Yasser Arafat and Samiha Khalil. This study aimed to explore if any of Entman’s 1993 framing functions was used in the coverage of this issue and to explore whether the tone of NST coverage was negative, positive, balanced or neutral. To achieve the aims of this study, qualitative content analysis of elections stories from NST has been adopted. The number of news stories was eight, and the time frame started from 19th January to 13th February 1996, where three of these stories were published on the same day of 22nd January, two days after holding the elections on 20th January. Defining problems and diagnosing causes were the most prominent of Entman’s four framing functions presented in all the articles. The moral judgment function was included in four news stories, and suggesting remedies was included in two news stories out of eight. The findings revealed that Yasser Arafat received 50% balanced coverage, followed by 37.5% positive coverage, and only 12.5% negative coverage, while Samiha Khalil received 67% balanced coverage, compared to 33% positive coverage.

Mohammed fadel arandas

Newborn or neonate denotes to an infant in the first few days after birth. They are not small children when it comes to medicinal use and formulation development. Neonates include term, post-term and preterm babies. The neonatal period for preterm newborn infants is defined as the day of birth through to the expected date of delivery plus 27 days. The majority of drugs used in sick newborns receiving intensive care are unlicensed and off-label, exposing infants to a greater risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study is extremely important due to the presence of a variety of drug information sources if used together lead to medication errors. From this point of view, this approach is suggested to eliminate or minimize these varieties. Where the most important challenges in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is proper and correct calculations and administration. Drug-related events in a hospital setting are the highest cause of recorded errors such as in the USA and UK

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This study aimed at the evaluation of the quality attributes and sensory properties of noodles produced from composite blends of acha, adu, mungbean and moringa oleifera seed. Composite flours of acha, adu, mungbean and moringa oleifera seed were formulated by total replacement of wheat with acha, adu, mungbean and moringa oleifera seed at different graded ratios (B= (55:35:5:5), C= (55:30:10:5, D= (50:30:15:5), E= (50:25:20:5), F= (45:25:25:5) while 100% wheat flour was used as the control (sample A)). The composite flours were used to produce noodles and the noodles subjected to proximate analysis and sensory properties evaluation. Proximate analysis revealed that the noodles contained moisture content of 10.22-13.90%, 2.32-4.48% ash, 10.13-17.90% protein, 1.50-5.71% lipid, 0.48-3.68% crude fibre, 54.33-75.35% carbohydrate and 340.31-355.42Kcal/100 g energy. There was an increase in the moisture, ash, protein, lipid and crude fibre contents with a decrease in carbohydrate and energy contents as the amount of mungbean flour increases. Sensory evaluation scores showed that noodles made with 0% wheat, 55% acha, 35% adu, 5% mungbean and 5% moringa oleifera seed can favourably compare with the control. It is recommended that the beany flavour of mung beans be removed before its addition in the composite blend in order to produce noodles that can be highly accepted.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

The potential of endemic medicinal plants in Yemen for sustainable pharmaceutical applications is home to a diverse and unique flora, with a significant proportion of endemic and near-endemic species that are traditionally used in folk medicine. This study documents 16 medicinal plant species from Abyan Governorate, Southeastern Yemen, and analyzes their traditional therapeutic uses and the extent to which they have been phytochemically investigated. The majority of these species are used to treat skin diseases, wounds, and burns. However, the findings indicate that 56.3% of these plants have not yet been studied for their active compounds. The Asclepiadaceae family was the most represented among the studied taxa, yet remains largely chemically unexplored. The study emphasizes the importance of preserving ethnobotanical knowledge and recommends future phytochemical screening and pharmacological validation of under-researched species for sustainable use in pharmaceutical development.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences